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Subject: Re: A really fast computer

Author: Robert Hyatt

Date: 06:34:05 09/04/00

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On September 04, 2000 at 02:37:13, Bernhard Bauer wrote:

>On September 03, 2000 at 23:02:51, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>
>>On September 03, 2000 at 20:13:57, Aaron Gordon wrote:
>>
>>>What about with channel bonding in linux? For example you could get 6 100mbit
>>>nic's per pc to have 0.6Gbit (or if you've got some serious cash then 6 1gbit
>>>NICs). As soon as I get some money I'm going to try to experiment with the small
>>>linux cluster I've got here, maybe go with three 100mbit nics per pc.
>>>Anyway, it's a thought.. should help the bandwidth problem a lil'..
>>
>>
>>No, sorry.  Totally wrong idea.  The PCI bus _is_ the problem.  It can
>>sustain about 100mbytes/second.  If you put 6 NICS in the machine, you
>>are talking about roughly 10mbytes/sec per nic and you really can't drive
>>the things at 100mbits/sec...  I have been able to get roughly 70 mbits/sec
>>as an upper bound.  You could go to something faster (giganet) but then you
>>run into the PCI bus limit, and trying to bond more than one of those will
>>result in bus saturation...  at the 100mbytes/second limit...
>>
>>We are talking about the max bandwidth between the CPU and memory, which is
>>the bottleneck in the PC, and that is also where the C90 totally cooks the
>>PC.  IE the C90 has 16 cpus at a 2ns clock cycle (500mhz roughly).  In one
>>clock cycle, the machine can do 4 64 bit memory reads, and two 64 bit memory
>>write.  If you multiply that out, that is 48 bytes per cycle, times 16 cpus,
>>which is 500,000,000 * 48 * 16.  Compare that memory bandwidth to the PC
>>bandwidth and you see why the C90 came out at 30 million dollars when they
>>were first delivered.  That is roughly 4 x 10^11 bytes per second...
>>
>>400,000,000,000 bytes per second.  Think about that number for a second.  400
>>gigabytes per second...  compared to 100 megabytes per second...
>>
>>:)
>>
>>Then you realize just how far the PCs have to go...
>
>A look at Jack J. Dongarra's benchmark gives the following line for the C90:
>Cray C90 (16 proc. 4.2 ns) 479 mflops 10780 mflops in TPP 15238 mflops
>theoretical peak.
>
>So it looks like that old machine was running at 4.2 nanoseconds.
>My Pc running at 450 Mhz gives 218 mflops when solving a system of linear
>equations with a size of 1000.
>
>However, mflops are pretty useless for chess programming.
>16 procs will not make a chessprogram 16 times faster, but maybe 10 times
>faster.
>
>Kind regards
>Bernhard

That is correct, now that I think about it.  The XMP had a fastest version at
8.6ns, the YMP was 6 ns, the C90 was 4ns and the T90 was 2ns.  I wrote the
above from home and couldn't check the clock speed.

Divide what I wrote by 2.0...

Sorry...

As far as speeding things up, Cray Blitz ran almost exactly 12 times faster on
the C90 (published in the JICCA a few years ago, the article on DTS tree
splitting).

It lost about 1/4 of the machine, but it was also a flattening curve, in that
32 would not be 24 times faster...



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