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Subject: Re: Question about Bit storage

Author: Vincent Diepeveen

Date: 05:44:33 01/30/02

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On January 30, 2002 at 01:56:33, Dann Corbit wrote:

>On January 30, 2002 at 00:03:19, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>On January 29, 2002 at 13:58:20, Dann Corbit wrote:
>>>No.  His notion is that if you mirror using every symmetry, the total number of
>>>those positions (including ALL reflections) would be less than 2^81 in that
>>>category.
>>
>>OK.  You are a math guy.  If you allow for 8 symmetries, which is false for
>>positions with pawns, you reduce the number of bits by a factor of 8, which
>>is 3 bits.  That is the mistake that is being made here, unless I misunderstand
>>something seriously.  IE for king vs king, allowing _all_ possible permutations
>>even with two kings on one square, you get 64^2 positions, which is
>>2^12.  If you take into account 8 symmetries, you reduce that to 2^9 positions,
>>not 2^(12/8)...
>
>Let's suppose that you need 170 bits to encode a chess position.  Now, with that
>position [for instance], you may have automatically stored 50 permutation of it.
> The net number of bits needed to store each of those 50 positions is 170/50 =
>3.4 bits.  Any time you run into one of the others, you perform the same
>algorithm and discard any duplicates (low-order keys already stored).  You end
>up storing a single position, which represents an entire class of positions.

this is wrong. you need 170 bits to store a position then. the other
positions i don't store in my EGTBs either, nor does Eugene store it.

Something simple you guys try to present as something big. I have seen
this a lot in computerchess. It is complete bla bla BS. Also what you guys
do is already known as mirrorring. Ernst A Heinz has written a lot in
ICCA/ICGA papers about mirrorring.

Did you know that white/black mirrorring already was invented in mirrorring?

Inventing new terms 'reflections' for this is simply not the way to go.

>>>>Second, you simply store the index into the ordered list of positions.
>>>
>>>With all its associated data.
>>>
>>>>But you totally ignore how you are going to turn that "index" into a real
>>>>position?  Or how you are going to turn a real position into that index?
>>>
>>>You take the position you are interested, and create all of its reflections (it
>>>can be hundreds).
>>
>>
>>How can there be more than 8 "reflections"?  you can find symmetry along thhe
>>vertical center, horizontal center, and the two diagonals.
>
>Well, they are actually more than just reflections.
>The sliding piece is also factored into it.  Consider this list of positions:
>2Q3nk/6n1/8/8/8/8/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>2q4k/8/8/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>6nk/3Q2n1/8/8/8/8/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/4Q3/8/8/8/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/5Q2/8/8/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/6Q1/8/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/1Q6/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/2Q5/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/3Q4/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/4Q3/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/5Q2/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/6Q1/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/8/6Q1/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/8/8/K4Q2 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>6nk/6n1/8/8/8/Q7/8/K7 w - - ce 32734; pv Qh3+;
>7k/1q6/8/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/1q6/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/2q5/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/3q4/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/4q3/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/5q2/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/6q1/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/7q/8/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/8/1q6/8/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/8/8/2q5/8/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/8/8/8/3q4/1N6/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/8/8/8/8/1N2q3/KN6 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>7k/8/8/8/8/8/1N6/KN3q2 b - - ce 32734; pv Qa6+;
>k4q2/8/8/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/6q1/8/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/1q6/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/2q5/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/3q4/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/4q3/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/5q2/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/6q1/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/8/6q1/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/8/8/5q2/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/8/8/8/4q3/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/8/8/8/8/3q2N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/8/8/8/8/6N1/2q3NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>k7/8/q7/8/8/8/6N1/6NK b - - ce 32734; pv Qh6+;
>kn3Q2/1n6/8/8/8/8/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n2Q3/8/8/8/8/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/3Q4/8/8/8/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/2Q5/8/8/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/1Q6/8/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/1Q6/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/2Q5/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/3Q4/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/4Q3/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/5Q2/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/6Q1/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/7Q/8/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/8/1Q6/7K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>kn6/1n6/8/8/8/8/8/2Q4K w - - ce 32734; pv Qa3+;
>
>All were generated in a fraction of a second using VB.  Now, if we should
>encounter any of those positions in a chess game, we simply run the permutator
>on it, and find the smallest one (quick-select is O(n) on average).  We look up
>that key in the database.  That gives us the score and the move to make.
>
>>> Then, you lexically sort them from smallest to largest using
>>>memcmp.  Then, you look in the database for the smallest of those positions.
>>>The same procedure will have been used to store the original entry into the
>>>database.  Let's revisit the set that Les posted:
>>
>>
>>This is simply intractable at terminal nodes in the search tree.  Which was
>>+one+ of the points raised here several times.
>
>In that case, don't use it there.  Use it only at the root.  However, I don't
>think it would be any more expensive than Eugene's tablebase files, if done
>properly.
>
>>>1R3K1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>2R2K1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>3R1K1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>4RK1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/R7 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/8/8/8/8/R7/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/8/8/8/R7/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/8/8/R7/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/8/R7/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/8/R7/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>5K1k/R7/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>7r/8/8/8/8/8/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/7r/8/8/8/8/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/7r/8/8/8/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/7r/8/8/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/7r/8/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/7r/8/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/7r/K1k5 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/1r3k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/2r2k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/3r1k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/4rk1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/K1k1r3 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/K1k2r2 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/K1k3r1 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/8/K1kr4 b - - ce 32762; pv Rh1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/8/r7/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/8/r7/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/8/r7/8/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/8/r7/8/8/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/8/r7/8/8/8/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>8/r7/8/8/8/8/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>k1K1R3/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K2R2/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K3R1/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/7R/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/7R/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/8/7R/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/8/8/7R/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/8/8/8/7R/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/8/8/8/8/7R/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1K5/8/8/8/8/8/8/7R w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>k1KR4/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Rh8;
>>>r7/8/8/8/8/8/8/5k1K b - - ce 32762; pv Ra1;
>>>
>>>All of these positions are exact equivalents -- created by rotations,
>>>reflections, etc.  (should be the pm instead of the pv, but that's neither here
>>>nor there).  Anyway, all we need to do is store the first position:
>>>1R3K1k/8/8/8/8/8/8/8 w - - ce 32762; pv Ra8;
>>>And from that, we can generate all the others.  Using that position and its
>>>associated information, we can quickly look up the solution to any of the other
>>>problems.  We simply take the position we are given and perform the same
>>>rotations and reflections (they are very simple, and the code to do it is posted
>>>on my ftp site).  Then, pick the smallest one from that set and look into the
>>>database and see if it is there.  If it is present, then we have a solution
>>>move.
>>>
>>>>It is computationally intractable in either direction...
>>>
>>>Not only is it simple to calculate, he has a working version.
>>
>>Simple enough you can do it everywhere in the tree?  It doesn't appear to be
>>so.  Just doing the symmetries has a big computational requirement of moving
>>an array of board contents thru all sorts of gyrations.
>
>The math is incredibly simple.  A lot less work than decompressing a page from a
>Nalimov tablebase file, I would guess.



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