Author: Uri Blass
Date: 00:42:04 07/05/01
Go up one level in this thread
On July 04, 2001 at 22:11:57, Robert Hyatt wrote: >On July 04, 2001 at 10:54:44, Uri Blass wrote: > >>On July 04, 2001 at 09:35:13, John Wentworth wrote: >> >>>Did you know..... >>> >>>In 1947, Alan Turing specified the first chess program for chess. >>> >>>In 1948 the UNIVAC computer was advertised as the strongest computer in the >>>world. So strong, that it could play chess and gin rummy so perfectly that >>>no human opponent could beat it. >>> >>>In 1949 Claude Shannon described how to program a computer and a Ferranti >>>digital machine was programmed to solve mates in two moves. >>> >>>By 1956 experiments on a MANIAC I computer (11,000 operations a second) at >>>Los Alamos, using a 6x6 chessboard, was playing chess. This was the first >>>documented account of a running chess program. >>> >>>In 1957 a chess program was written by Bernstein for an IBM 704. This was >>>the first full-fledged game of chess by a computer. >>> >>>The first chess computer to play in a tournament was MacHack VI (PDP-6) >>>written at MIT by Greenblatt. The computer entered the 1966 Massachussets >>>Amateur championship, scoring 1 draw and 4 losses for a USCF rating of 1243. >>> >>>In 1966 a USSR chess program defeated a Stanford IBM 7090 program. >>> >>>In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510), at >>>the Massachussets State Championship. >>> >>>In 1968 International Master David Levy made a $3,000 bet that no chess >>>computer would beat him in 10 years. He won his bet. >>> >>>In 1970 the first all-computer championship was held in New York and won by >>>CHESS 3.0, a program written by Atkin and Gorlen at Northwestern University. >>>Six programs had entered. >>> >>>In 1971 the Institute of Control Science, Moscow, created KAISSA using a >>>British computer to play chess. >>> >>>In 1974 World Correspondence Champion Hans Berliner wrote his PhD >>>dissertation on "Chess Computers as Problem Solving." >>> >>>In 1974 KAISSA won the world computer chess championship held in Stockholm >>>with a perfect 4-0 score. >>> >>>In 1975 Grandmaster David Bronstein used the endgame database in KAISSA to >>>win an adjourned game in a tournament in Vilnius. >>> >>>In 1976 CHESS 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson tournament in >>>Northern California. The performance rating was 1950. >>> >>>In 1976 a computer program was used to make the chess pairings at the chess >>>olympiad in Haifa. >>> >>>In 1977 the first microcomputer chess playing machine, CHESS CHALLENGER, was >>>created. The International Computer Chess Association (ICCA) was formed. >>> >>>In 1977 CHESS 4.5 won the Minnesota Open winning 5 games and losing one. It >>>had a performance rating of 2271. Stenberg (1969) became the first Class A >>>player to lose to a computer. >>> >>>In 1977 SNEAKY PETE was the first chess computer to play in a U.S. Open, >>>held in Columbus, Ohio. >>> >>>In 1977 Michael Stean became the first grandmaster to lose to a computer; it >>>was a blitz game. >>> >>>In 1978 SARGON won the first tournament for microcomputers, held in San >>>Jose. David Levy collected his 10 year bet by defeating CHESS 4.7 in >>>Toronto. One of the games was a draw. This was the first time a computer >>>drew an international master. >>> >>>In 1980 CHAMPION SENSORY CHALLENGER won the first world microcomputer >>>championship, held in London. >>> >>>In 1981 CRAY BLITZ won the Mississipi State Championship with a perfect 5-0 >>>score and a performance rating of 2258. >>> >>>In 1982 BELLE was confiscated by the State Department as it was heading to >>>the Soviet Union to participate in a computer chess tournament. The State >>>Department claimed it was a violation of a technology transfer law to ship a >>>high technology computer to a foreign country. BELLE later played in the >>>U.S. Oen speed championship and took 2nd place. By 1982 computer chess >>>companies were topping $100 million in sales. >>> >>>In 1983 Belle became the first computer to beat a master in tournament play >>>and the first computer to gain a master rating (2263). >>> >>>In 1983 the first microcomputer beat a master in tournament play. >>> >>>In 1984 a microcomputer won a tournament for the first time against >>>mainframes, held in Canada. >>> >>>In 1985 HITECH achieved a performace rating of 2530. >>> >>>In 1987 the U.S. Amateur Championship became the first national championship >>>to be directed by a computer program. >>> >>>In 1988 DEEP THOUGHT and Grandmaster Tony Miles shared first place in the >>>U.S. Open championship. DEEP THOUGHT had a 2745 performance rating. >>> >>>In 1988 HITECH won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship after defeating >>>International Master Ed Formanek (2485). HITECH defeated Grandmaster Arnold >>>Denker in a match. >>> >>>In 1988 Grandmaster Bent Larsen became the first GM to lose to a computer in >>>a major tournament - the American Open. >>> >>>In 1989 DEEP THOUGHT won the world computer championship in Canada, with a >>>rating of 2600. DEEP THOUGHT defeated Grandmaster Robert Byrne in a match >>>game. DEEP THOUGHT can analyze 2 million positions a second. This year DEEP >>>THOUGHT played a 2 game match (under tournament conditions) in New York >>>against Garry Kasparov. Kasparov won the match 2-0. Afterwards he expressed >>>surprise at the lack of strong oposition from the computer. >>> >>>In 1990 Former World Champion Anatoly Karpov lost to MEPHISTO in a >>>simultaneous exhibition in Munich. MEPHISTO also beat grandmasters Robert >>>Huebner and David Bronstein. MEPHISTO won the German blitz championship and >>>earned an International Master norm by scoring 7-4 in the Dortmund Open. >>> >>>In 1994 WCHESS became the first computer to outperform grandmasters at the >>>Harvard Cup in Boston. >>> >>>In 1994 Kasparov lost to FRITZ3 in Munich in a blitz tournament. The program >>>also defeated Anand, Short, Gelfand, and Kramnik. Grandmaster Robert Huebner >>>refused to play it and lost on forfeit, the first time a GM has forfeited to >>>a computer. Although Kasparov lost to FRITZ3, he and FRITZ3 came equal first >>>in the tournament. In a playoff to determine the winner, Kasparov beat >>>FRITZ3, 3 games to 1. There where 17 grandmaster in the tournament. >>> >>>The highest rated computer in the world is DEEP BLUE, rated 2705. >> >>I did not know that Deep Blue has a rating. >>I think that the number of it's opponents is not big enough to give it a rating. >> >>Uri > > >That sounds like deep thought. It had to produce a rating in that range >when it won the fredkin GM prize. Deep thought never was close to 2705 fide rating. I remember that I read rating of 2550 when it lost against kasparov. I remmeber that it played later in 1991 in a tournament of GM's and got performance that is close to 2400. I know that it lost to GM bent larsen 2.5-1.5 later in 1993 if my memory is correct. There were tournaments that it did better but I do not see how can you get 2705 based on all the results. Even the first Deep blue could not get performance of more than 2700 when it lost 4-2 against kasparov. The only way that I can get something close to 2705 is based on the 2 matches of Deep blue against kasparov when the first match is used to calculate initial rating for Deeper blue based on it's performance. Uri
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