Author: Andreas Herrmann
Date: 04:19:24 07/05/01
Go up one level in this thread
On July 04, 2001 at 09:35:13, John Wentworth wrote: >Did you know..... > >In 1947, Alan Turing specified the first chess program for chess. > >In 1948 the UNIVAC computer was advertised as the strongest computer in the >world. So strong, that it could play chess and gin rummy so perfectly that >no human opponent could beat it. > >In 1949 Claude Shannon described how to program a computer and a Ferranti >digital machine was programmed to solve mates in two moves. > >By 1956 experiments on a MANIAC I computer (11,000 operations a second) at >Los Alamos, using a 6x6 chessboard, was playing chess. This was the first >documented account of a running chess program. > >In 1957 a chess program was written by Bernstein for an IBM 704. This was >the first full-fledged game of chess by a computer. > >The first chess computer to play in a tournament was MacHack VI (PDP-6) >written at MIT by Greenblatt. The computer entered the 1966 Massachussets >Amateur championship, scoring 1 draw and 4 losses for a USCF rating of 1243. > >In 1966 a USSR chess program defeated a Stanford IBM 7090 program. > >In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510), at >the Massachussets State Championship. > >In 1968 International Master David Levy made a $3,000 bet that no chess >computer would beat him in 10 years. He won his bet. > >In 1970 the first all-computer championship was held in New York and won by >CHESS 3.0, a program written by Atkin and Gorlen at Northwestern University. >Six programs had entered. > >In 1971 the Institute of Control Science, Moscow, created KAISSA using a >British computer to play chess. > >In 1974 World Correspondence Champion Hans Berliner wrote his PhD >dissertation on "Chess Computers as Problem Solving." > >In 1974 KAISSA won the world computer chess championship held in Stockholm >with a perfect 4-0 score. > >In 1975 Grandmaster David Bronstein used the endgame database in KAISSA to >win an adjourned game in a tournament in Vilnius. > >In 1976 CHESS 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson tournament in >Northern California. The performance rating was 1950. > >In 1976 a computer program was used to make the chess pairings at the chess >olympiad in Haifa. > >In 1977 the first microcomputer chess playing machine, CHESS CHALLENGER, was >created. The International Computer Chess Association (ICCA) was formed. > >In 1977 CHESS 4.5 won the Minnesota Open winning 5 games and losing one. It >had a performance rating of 2271. Stenberg (1969) became the first Class A >player to lose to a computer. > >In 1977 SNEAKY PETE was the first chess computer to play in a U.S. Open, >held in Columbus, Ohio. > >In 1977 Michael Stean became the first grandmaster to lose to a computer; it >was a blitz game. > >In 1978 SARGON won the first tournament for microcomputers, held in San >Jose. David Levy collected his 10 year bet by defeating CHESS 4.7 in >Toronto. One of the games was a draw. This was the first time a computer >drew an international master. > >In 1980 CHAMPION SENSORY CHALLENGER won the first world microcomputer >championship, held in London. > >In 1981 CRAY BLITZ won the Mississipi State Championship with a perfect 5-0 >score and a performance rating of 2258. > >In 1982 BELLE was confiscated by the State Department as it was heading to >the Soviet Union to participate in a computer chess tournament. The State >Department claimed it was a violation of a technology transfer law to ship a >high technology computer to a foreign country. BELLE later played in the >U.S. Oen speed championship and took 2nd place. By 1982 computer chess >companies were topping $100 million in sales. > >In 1983 Belle became the first computer to beat a master in tournament play >and the first computer to gain a master rating (2263). > >In 1983 the first microcomputer beat a master in tournament play. > >In 1984 a microcomputer won a tournament for the first time against >mainframes, held in Canada. > >In 1985 HITECH achieved a performace rating of 2530. > >In 1987 the U.S. Amateur Championship became the first national championship >to be directed by a computer program. > >In 1988 DEEP THOUGHT and Grandmaster Tony Miles shared first place in the >U.S. Open championship. DEEP THOUGHT had a 2745 performance rating. > >In 1988 HITECH won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship after defeating >International Master Ed Formanek (2485). HITECH defeated Grandmaster Arnold >Denker in a match. > >In 1988 Grandmaster Bent Larsen became the first GM to lose to a computer in >a major tournament - the American Open. > >In 1989 DEEP THOUGHT won the world computer championship in Canada, with a >rating of 2600. DEEP THOUGHT defeated Grandmaster Robert Byrne in a match >game. DEEP THOUGHT can analyze 2 million positions a second. This year DEEP >THOUGHT played a 2 game match (under tournament conditions) in New York >against Garry Kasparov. Kasparov won the match 2-0. Afterwards he expressed >surprise at the lack of strong oposition from the computer. > >In 1990 Former World Champion Anatoly Karpov lost to MEPHISTO in a >simultaneous exhibition in Munich. MEPHISTO also beat grandmasters Robert >Huebner and David Bronstein. MEPHISTO won the German blitz championship and >earned an International Master norm by scoring 7-4 in the Dortmund Open. > >In 1994 WCHESS became the first computer to outperform grandmasters at the >Harvard Cup in Boston. > >In 1994 Kasparov lost to FRITZ3 in Munich in a blitz tournament. The program >also defeated Anand, Short, Gelfand, and Kramnik. Grandmaster Robert Huebner >refused to play it and lost on forfeit, the first time a GM has forfeited to >a computer. Although Kasparov lost to FRITZ3, he and FRITZ3 came equal first >in the tournament. In a playoff to determine the winner, Kasparov beat >FRITZ3, 3 games to 1. There where 17 grandmaster in the tournament. > >The highest rated computer in the world is DEEP BLUE, rated 2705. I miss the following point: In 2000 It was the first time that a computer (P.ConNers) won a chess tournament of category 11. P.ConNers reached an tournament ELO of 2657. Look to this link: http://people.freenet.de/lsvturm/gm2000.htm Andreas
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