Author: Robert Hyatt
Date: 05:28:43 07/05/01
Go up one level in this thread
On July 05, 2001 at 08:27:44, Robert Hyatt wrote: >On July 05, 2001 at 03:42:04, Uri Blass wrote: > >>On July 04, 2001 at 22:11:57, Robert Hyatt wrote: >> >>>On July 04, 2001 at 10:54:44, Uri Blass wrote: >>> >>>>On July 04, 2001 at 09:35:13, John Wentworth wrote: >>>> >>>>>Did you know..... >>>>> >>>>>In 1947, Alan Turing specified the first chess program for chess. >>>>> >>>>>In 1948 the UNIVAC computer was advertised as the strongest computer in the >>>>>world. So strong, that it could play chess and gin rummy so perfectly that >>>>>no human opponent could beat it. >>>>> >>>>>In 1949 Claude Shannon described how to program a computer and a Ferranti >>>>>digital machine was programmed to solve mates in two moves. >>>>> >>>>>By 1956 experiments on a MANIAC I computer (11,000 operations a second) at >>>>>Los Alamos, using a 6x6 chessboard, was playing chess. This was the first >>>>>documented account of a running chess program. >>>>> >>>>>In 1957 a chess program was written by Bernstein for an IBM 704. This was >>>>>the first full-fledged game of chess by a computer. >>>>> >>>>>The first chess computer to play in a tournament was MacHack VI (PDP-6) >>>>>written at MIT by Greenblatt. The computer entered the 1966 Massachussets >>>>>Amateur championship, scoring 1 draw and 4 losses for a USCF rating of 1243. >>>>> >>>>>In 1966 a USSR chess program defeated a Stanford IBM 7090 program. >>>>> >>>>>In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510), at >>>>>the Massachussets State Championship. >>>>> >>>>>In 1968 International Master David Levy made a $3,000 bet that no chess >>>>>computer would beat him in 10 years. He won his bet. >>>>> >>>>>In 1970 the first all-computer championship was held in New York and won by >>>>>CHESS 3.0, a program written by Atkin and Gorlen at Northwestern University. >>>>>Six programs had entered. >>>>> >>>>>In 1971 the Institute of Control Science, Moscow, created KAISSA using a >>>>>British computer to play chess. >>>>> >>>>>In 1974 World Correspondence Champion Hans Berliner wrote his PhD >>>>>dissertation on "Chess Computers as Problem Solving." >>>>> >>>>>In 1974 KAISSA won the world computer chess championship held in Stockholm >>>>>with a perfect 4-0 score. >>>>> >>>>>In 1975 Grandmaster David Bronstein used the endgame database in KAISSA to >>>>>win an adjourned game in a tournament in Vilnius. >>>>> >>>>>In 1976 CHESS 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson tournament in >>>>>Northern California. The performance rating was 1950. >>>>> >>>>>In 1976 a computer program was used to make the chess pairings at the chess >>>>>olympiad in Haifa. >>>>> >>>>>In 1977 the first microcomputer chess playing machine, CHESS CHALLENGER, was >>>>>created. The International Computer Chess Association (ICCA) was formed. >>>>> >>>>>In 1977 CHESS 4.5 won the Minnesota Open winning 5 games and losing one. It >>>>>had a performance rating of 2271. Stenberg (1969) became the first Class A >>>>>player to lose to a computer. >>>>> >>>>>In 1977 SNEAKY PETE was the first chess computer to play in a U.S. Open, >>>>>held in Columbus, Ohio. >>>>> >>>>>In 1977 Michael Stean became the first grandmaster to lose to a computer; it >>>>>was a blitz game. >>>>> >>>>>In 1978 SARGON won the first tournament for microcomputers, held in San >>>>>Jose. David Levy collected his 10 year bet by defeating CHESS 4.7 in >>>>>Toronto. One of the games was a draw. This was the first time a computer >>>>>drew an international master. >>>>> >>>>>In 1980 CHAMPION SENSORY CHALLENGER won the first world microcomputer >>>>>championship, held in London. >>>>> >>>>>In 1981 CRAY BLITZ won the Mississipi State Championship with a perfect 5-0 >>>>>score and a performance rating of 2258. >>>>> >>>>>In 1982 BELLE was confiscated by the State Department as it was heading to >>>>>the Soviet Union to participate in a computer chess tournament. The State >>>>>Department claimed it was a violation of a technology transfer law to ship a >>>>>high technology computer to a foreign country. BELLE later played in the >>>>>U.S. Oen speed championship and took 2nd place. By 1982 computer chess >>>>>companies were topping $100 million in sales. >>>>> >>>>>In 1983 Belle became the first computer to beat a master in tournament play >>>>>and the first computer to gain a master rating (2263). >>>>> >>>>>In 1983 the first microcomputer beat a master in tournament play. >>>>> >>>>>In 1984 a microcomputer won a tournament for the first time against >>>>>mainframes, held in Canada. >>>>> >>>>>In 1985 HITECH achieved a performace rating of 2530. >>>>> >>>>>In 1987 the U.S. Amateur Championship became the first national championship >>>>>to be directed by a computer program. >>>>> >>>>>In 1988 DEEP THOUGHT and Grandmaster Tony Miles shared first place in the >>>>>U.S. Open championship. DEEP THOUGHT had a 2745 performance rating. >>>>> >>>>>In 1988 HITECH won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship after defeating >>>>>International Master Ed Formanek (2485). HITECH defeated Grandmaster Arnold >>>>>Denker in a match. >>>>> >>>>>In 1988 Grandmaster Bent Larsen became the first GM to lose to a computer in >>>>>a major tournament - the American Open. >>>>> >>>>>In 1989 DEEP THOUGHT won the world computer championship in Canada, with a >>>>>rating of 2600. DEEP THOUGHT defeated Grandmaster Robert Byrne in a match >>>>>game. DEEP THOUGHT can analyze 2 million positions a second. This year DEEP >>>>>THOUGHT played a 2 game match (under tournament conditions) in New York >>>>>against Garry Kasparov. Kasparov won the match 2-0. Afterwards he expressed >>>>>surprise at the lack of strong oposition from the computer. >>>>> >>>>>In 1990 Former World Champion Anatoly Karpov lost to MEPHISTO in a >>>>>simultaneous exhibition in Munich. MEPHISTO also beat grandmasters Robert >>>>>Huebner and David Bronstein. MEPHISTO won the German blitz championship and >>>>>earned an International Master norm by scoring 7-4 in the Dortmund Open. >>>>> >>>>>In 1994 WCHESS became the first computer to outperform grandmasters at the >>>>>Harvard Cup in Boston. >>>>> >>>>>In 1994 Kasparov lost to FRITZ3 in Munich in a blitz tournament. The program >>>>>also defeated Anand, Short, Gelfand, and Kramnik. Grandmaster Robert Huebner >>>>>refused to play it and lost on forfeit, the first time a GM has forfeited to >>>>>a computer. Although Kasparov lost to FRITZ3, he and FRITZ3 came equal first >>>>>in the tournament. In a playoff to determine the winner, Kasparov beat >>>>>FRITZ3, 3 games to 1. There where 17 grandmaster in the tournament. >>>>> >>>>>The highest rated computer in the world is DEEP BLUE, rated 2705. >>>> >>>>I did not know that Deep Blue has a rating. >>>>I think that the number of it's opponents is not big enough to give it a rating. >>>> >>>>Uri >>> >>> >>>That sounds like deep thought. It had to produce a rating in that range >>>when it won the fredkin GM prize. >> >>Deep thought never was close to 2705 fide rating. >> >>I remember that I read rating of 2550 when it lost against kasparov. >> >>I remmeber that it played later in 1991 in a tournament of GM's and got >>performance that is close to 2400. >> >>I know that it lost to GM bent larsen 2.5-1.5 later in 1993 if my memory is >>correct. >> >>There were tournaments that it did better but I do not see how can you get 2705 >>based on all the results. >> >>Even the first Deep blue could not get performance of more than 2700 when it >>lost 4-2 against kasparov. >> >>The only way that I can get something close to 2705 is based on the 2 matches of >>Deep blue against kasparov when the first match is used to calculate initial >>rating for Deeper blue based on it's performance. >> >>Uri > > >DT produced a rating of > 2650 over 24 consecutive games while trying to earn >the Fredkin GM prize stage. That was why I thought it might be that program. > >It is also possible it is just the TPR for the 12 kasparov games... It is also possible that is a USCF rating, rather than a FIDE-type rating. Most of the ratings in that "history" were USCF anyway...
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