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Subject: Re: Various compiler questions

Author: James Robertson

Date: 14:30:36 01/14/02

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On January 14, 2002 at 14:57:29, Robert Hyatt wrote:

>On January 14, 2002 at 12:11:52, James Robertson wrote:
>
>>Here are several questions I've been wondering about:
>>
>>1) How does one insert inline assembler statements into your code such that it
>>can be compiled by gcc (obviously __asm doesn't work)?
>>
>>2) How is switch() code generated? For instance, if the compiler encounters:
>>switch (var) {
>>case 0: do_stuff0(); break;
>>case 1: do_stuff1(); break;
>>case 2: do_stuff2(); break;
>>}
>>will more efficient code be generated than if I write:
>>switch (var) {
>>case 297: do_stuff287; break;
>>case 0: do_stuff0; break;
>>case 9000: do_stuff9000; break;
>>}
>
>
>Note that in the latter case, you have oddball numbers.  That makes the jump
>table idea not so good and it will generally try to turn that switch into a
>series of if-then-elses instead.  Which will be slower.
>
>>If so, what does the compiler do to take advantage of the fact that 0, 1, and 2
>>are consecutive numbers?
>>
>
>It generates something like this (I will use a pseudo-asm for simplicity):
>
>        load       var,R1
>        cmp        R1,0
>        blt        skip                  ;  if var < 0, exit
>        cmp        R1,2
>        bgt        skip                  ;  ditto for var > 2
>        load       R2,#table             ;  address of branch table
>        mult       R1,4                  ;  scale to word index
>        add        R1,R2                 ;  R2 = table, table+4 or table+8
>        branch     R2
>table:  branch     case0
>        branch     case1
>        branch     case2
>case0:  do stuff
>        branch skip
>case1:  do stuff
>        branch skip
>case2:  do stuff
>
>skip:

Ok, this is helpful. Here is another question that might help me. If I write a
piece of C code, is there any way (under Linux) to see what the compiler
generates for that code?

James


>
>The above is the best way to handle a switch (C) or case (pascal)
>type structure.  The problem is that if the case variable values are
>scattered around, the branch table becomes huge.  The first pascal compiler
>I used didn't understand this and a case 0:  case 88000: would cause it to
>blow up as it produced an _enormous_ jump table that was too large to fit in
>the machine it ran on (a xerox sigma-9 with 128KW of memory total).
>
>The alternative is to use a series of if-then-else clauses but as you add
>cases, you add branches and slow things down.  Most common case _must_ appear
>first for performance.  While with the jump table, the order of the cases
>is totally irrelevant.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>>3) How much overhead is added to a function call from a function pointer? Maybe
>>none? How about if you index an array of function pointers?
>
>A memory reference at most...
>
>>
>>4) What are the syntax differences between console code written for Linux versus
>>Unix (I don't have easy access to a Unix machine)?
>
>
>
>absolutely nothing.  Linux _is_ UNIX....
>
>
>
>>
>>5) Just out of curiousity, when is VC7 being released?
>>
>>Ok, If anyone could help me with these I'd be grateful.
>>Thanks!
>>James



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