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Subject: Re: Garry Kasparov === CHESS, POLITICS & COMPUTERS 1999/04/20

Author: Roy Eassa

Date: 13:25:09 10/26/02

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On October 24, 2002 at 14:06:42, José Antônio Fabiano Mendes wrote:

>           http://www.clubkasparov.ru/club/oregon99_e.htm
>What does a speed of 200 million positions per second imply in a chess machine?
>Ken Thompson conducted some very interesting experiments in the 80s to correlate
>depth of search with increase in playing strength. Thompson played Belle against
>itself with one side computing progressively deeper. On an average a single ply
>of search depth translated to around 200 Elo points - at four ply Belle was
>playing around 1230, at nine ply it had reached 2328 Elo points. By extending
>the curve, which flattens at the top end, one could conclude that a search depth
>of 14 ply is required to achieve world championship strength (2800). Fisher
>attained a career high of 2785, Karpov was at 2775 and I'm the only one
>traversing 2800+ universe.
>
>The conclusion of the experts: you need to build a computer that runs at one
>billion nodes per second (and searches 14 ply deep) if you wish to challenge the
>human world champion for his title. Deep Blue comes close, but isn't there quite
>yet.


My favorite paragraph from Kasparov's speech was this one:

"
The machine I played against in Philadelphia and New York consisted of an IBM
SP/2 server equipped with a large number of special-purpose chips, which do the
fast calculations. Each chip is capable of processing two to three million
positions per second. By using over 200 of these chips the overall speed of the
program could be raised to 200 million positions per second. In this connection
we should remember that it was the chess chips that were generating the speed,
not the host SP/2 machine, although IBM like to suggest otherwise. It is as
though a Honda Civic, equipped with two Pratt & Whitney jet engines, breaks the
world land speed record on the Salt Lake flats, and then the manufacturer claims
that the Honda makes the fastest car in the world!!
"



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