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Subject: Re: Why does the Chess Genius programs play strong on 486 machines?

Author: Serge Desmarais

Date: 14:58:58 09/09/98

Go up one level in this thread


On September 09, 1998 at 09:34:07, Amir Ban wrote:

>On September 08, 1998 at 23:36:05, Serge Desmarais wrote:
>
>>On September 08, 1998 at 19:16:58, Robert Henry Durrett wrote:
>>
>>>On September 08, 1998 at 12:24:07, Don Dailey wrote:
>>>
>>><snip>
>>>
>>>>I think it is still fundamentally superior to the other programs.  It
>>>>may not actually be the very strongest currently, but this may be because
>>>>Richard has not made any substantial effort to stay ahead and I also
>>>>don't think the book is engineered as well as the top contenders, which
>>>>could be a big part of the reason his program is not dominant right
>>>>at the moment.
>>>>
>>>>- Don
>>>
>>>Your observation that you don't think "the book is engineered as well as the top
>>>contenders" sounds like an interesting concept.  I get the impression that
>>>playing Genius with the Fritz book would not completely null out the Fritz
>>>advantage because, I assume, the Fritz book is "engineered" for Fritz.  I
>>>presume that this means that the Fritz book lines are selected to optimize Fritz
>>>performance by covering up specific weaknesses of Fritz and capitalizing on
>>>specific strengths of Fritz.  If this were so, then forcing Genius to use the
>>>Fritz book would not be optimum for Genius because Genius's specific weaknesses
>>>and strengths might be different from those of Fritz.
>>>
>>>If the above is an accurate portraial of what you meant by the book being
>>>"engineered," then forcing Fritz to play with the Genius book would be equally
>>>non-ideal.
>>>
>>>I wonder if a match between Genius and Fritz, with Fritz being forced to use the
>>>Genius book would result in more equality in the win/loss/draw results of such a
>>>match.  In other words, if the problem were primarily one of book engineering,
>>>such a match would point this out.
>>>
>>>Am I anywhere near close to what you were thinking?
>>
>>
>>Here is how are made the Fritz books : you take a database of HUMAN games of
>>relatively high quality (as they say/suggest in the Fritz book) --which means
>>the players have a high rating and the time controls were 40/2 or the like-- and
>>you import these games into the/an opening tree. Of course you do not import ALL
>>the moves of each games, but EITHER a certain FIXED number of half-moves ofor
>>all the games (between 1 and 99) OR ECO-like lenght PLUS a certain number of
>>half-moves for all the games (between 0 and 99).
>>
>>Now, BESIDES the moves played by humans, Fritz also import the game scores,
>>number of games, average elo rating of the players and links these to every
>>respective moves. For example, you import 100,000 games into the tree ; in
>>60,000 of these, the first move played was 1.e4 ; 1.d4 was played 30,000 times
>>and so on (these number are fictitious). Let's go back to the 1.e4 move (played
>>60% of the time. The average rating of the players who chose that first move was
>>2540 and their rating performance with that move was 2580. Of all the 60,000
>>games 25,000 were wins, 15,000 were draws and 20,000 were losses.
>>
>>Now here is HOW Fritz picks its moves : at base, it takes the popularity of the
>>move (% of times played) and then balance it with the % of wins (score), ratings
>>of the players and performance rating of the moves (don't ask me the
>>mathematical formula!) to decide a percentage of chance of playing it in a game.
>>Later, it will refine this percentage by adding a value based on its "learned
>>experience" when playing that move (you can also manually change the scores).
>>But you have to know that Fritz will NEVER play a move that was played only ONCE
>>if there are much more popular choices. It will NEVER play a move that has lost
>>100% of the time or has a sensible negative score (UNLESS it is the ONLY move in
>>book for that position, and even in that case it would have avoided the line
>>earlier). In the Fritz basic book, there are NO preset values (manually
>>adjusted) for any move. It contains over a million moves/positions with all the
>>known main lines for every major opening.
>>
>>
>>Conclusion : Except for a careful chosing of the games imported in the basic
>>book, there is NO manual fine tuning of Fritz book by the programmer! But the
>>program will/should do it automatically. Winning more often with the moves that
>>best fit its "style", the learning will be very positive, thus ending in more
>>and more chances of playing these moves, if not EXCLUSIVELY these moves!
>>
>>
>>I think Crafty uses a similar process and I think I remember Robert Hyatt saying
>> that Chessbase kind of "copied" Crafty's book learning for Fritz.
>>
>>Serge Desmarais
>
>
>What you describe here sounds pretty accurate, but is not what is called "book
>learning". "Book engineering" sounds more accurate to me. Perhaps the Fritz book
>learning came from Crafty, but not this.
>
>To my knowledge, no one has been as methodical in the automatic generation of
>books, or put it on such a sound logical basis (as you describe) as ChessBase.
>They should be allowed the credit for that.
>
>Amir


I was not criticizing Chessbase. I think their book concept is very good,
finding all the possible transpositions. It is also good for me to learn about
ideas in the opening stage, improving what I did play in the past in specific
positions (and the scoring stats are very interesting too).


Serge Desmarais



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