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Subject: Re: Move Ordering

Author: Robert Hyatt

Date: 20:05:09 12/24/02

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On December 24, 2002 at 19:24:04, Vincent Diepeveen wrote:

>On December 23, 2002 at 19:21:57, Uri Blass wrote:
>
>>On December 23, 2002 at 18:31:03, Dieter Buerssner wrote:
>>
>>>On December 23, 2002 at 18:08:15, Martin Bauer wrote:
>>>
>>>>Hello,
>>>>
>>>>i have a queastion about move ordering. There are many sources with move
>>>>ordering heuristics like killer heuristic, history and so on...
>>>>
>>>>But I found no description _how_ to program the move ordering in an _efficient_
>>>>way. In my own enginge I use an integer value together with the move and put it
>>>>on the move stack. Moves that should be searched first, become a high value and
>>>>the less important moves a low one. Then there is a function named
>>>>"NextBestMove" that that looks for the highest value at the actual searchdepth
>>>>on the movestack. Therefore it must look at all possible moves in the actual
>>>>position. When the best move is found, the value is set to -Matescore, so it can
>>>>not get the best move the next time the function is called.
>>>
>>>This is the normal way to do it, I think. Instead of giving a "marker score", to
>>>not search the move again, you could shift the move to the start or to the end
>>>of the array, and remember the new bounds (incrementing a pointer may be enough
>>>for this). This will save a few CPU cycles. It is essentially the inner loop of
>>>a normal selection sort.
>>>
>>>>This algorithm must have a look at all possible moves in the position at the
>>>>actual depth, even if the frist 10 best moves are searched. This look not
>>>>efficient to me, because it is an O(n) algorithm in reading the best move and
>>>>O(1) in storing the best move.
>>>
>>>I think, there is no practical better way. Sorting the whole move list can
>>>easily be done faster (especially, when it has some considerable length, so not
>>>just relpy to check). But often, the work will be done for nothing, because one
>>>move will be enough for a cutoff. I experimented a bit with the following idea:
>>>Try to guess, when we expect a fail high node: use the selection sort method
>>>above. Whe expecting a fail low node, do a qsort (the Standard C-language qsort
>>>would probably be a bit slow for this, because of all the calls to the compare
>>>function, I had written my own). But, I really could not measure any performance
>>>increase, so I gave up on the idea. It just made the code bigger ...
>>
>>If you expect a fail low move you can simply not care about order of moves.
>
>This is utter nonsense.
>
>==> note that it is another years 80 design issue in crafty
>
>For many reasons sorting is better. To just list a few
>  a) it *might* give a cutoff now. No heuristic is 100% accurate
>     going to predict it is going to get a fail low again.
>     The proof for that is obvious. If you know it for 100% sure you
>     can simply return alpha and stop searching this node!
>  b) it goes into hashtable and gets reused later. You perhaps do not
>     expect a fail low then but the best move saved in the hashtable is
>     a random move in your case
>  c) it improves positional play obviously. Suppose you pick a random
>     move giving 0.001 versus a chosen move 0.001. The chosen move on
>     average is better. Do not underestimate this effect at all. this is
>     not a 'once in a million moves i play' scenario.

That is utter clap-trap.  Why don't you go read Knuth/Moore's paper on
alpha beta.  There you will find that move ordering does _not_ affect the
final score, only the size of the tree.  Something every senion-level computer
science student should know.

Not sorting at suspected fail-low nodes is perfectly acceptable.  If you are
wrong, you search a bigger tree.  If you are right, you search faster.  If it
pays off most of the time, it is the right thing to do.


>
>Of course you need fail soft to profit from all these effects a bit more.
>Fail hard is years 70s.

No it isn't.  It depends on a _lot_ of things.  PVS and aspiration search work
fine without fail-soft.

From _experimentation_.  Not from guesswork.

>
>>Latest movei does not continue to sort the moves if the first 10 moves did not
>>give a fail high(I do not know if 10 is the best number but the gain that I may
>>get from changing it is small because movei is not a fast searcher).
>>
>>Uri



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