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Subject: Re: 64 Bit Programs

Author: Eugene Nalimov

Date: 15:50:49 07/01/03

Go up one level in this thread


On July 01, 2003 at 18:12:17, Robert Hyatt wrote:

>On July 01, 2003 at 16:45:20, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>
>>On July 01, 2003 at 16:02:40, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>
>>>On July 01, 2003 at 13:20:32, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>>>
>>>>On July 01, 2003 at 11:57:58, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>On June 30, 2003 at 21:03:30, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 23:50:11, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 06:35:02, Tony Werten wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 14:23:50, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 12:12:15, Jay Urbanski wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 10:33:45, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>Those are not true 64 bit processors.  Supposedly 32 bit stuff runs just
>>>>>>>>>>>fine on them, but they have 64 bit extensions.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>How is Opteron not a true 64-bit processor?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Because it executes 32 bit instructions _also_.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>P4 and AMD also execute 16-bit instructions, so they are 16 bit processors ?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Not pure 16 bit no.  Not pure 32 either.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Check out "Cray" for a better example of a pure architecture.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>All math is 64 bits.  All address arithmetic is 32 bits.  Different
>>>>>>>instructions, functional units, and registers for each.  No kludges about
>>>>>>>gating 32 bits with 32 high-end zeroes and that kind of stuff.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>But in the case of opteron, at least at first look, it appears to be a 32
>>>>>>>bit machine with 64 bit instructions layered on top.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Are you kidding me?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>The "bitiness" is the width of a chip's datapath, right?
>>>>>
>>>>>Yes.  But there is more.  A chip made to do 64 bit operations as its _normal_
>>>>>mode of functioning is a 64 bit chip.  A chip that does 32 bit operations
>>>>>normally, with 64 bit add-ons, is not really a _full_ 64 bit chip.
>>>>>
>>>>>That was, and is, my point.
>>>>
>>>>How do you figure that the Opteron/PA-RISC/UltraSPARC/MIPS/POWER do not do
>>>>64-bit operations as their "normal" mode of functioning? They have 64 bit
>>>>registers and the values in those registers are communicated over 64 bit busses
>>>>to 64 bit buffers and 64 bit latches and 64 bit ALUs. How can you possibly get
>>>>more 64 bit than that? Just because all of this hardware _can_ be utilized to
>>>>also execute 32 bit instructions (the same way a chip does a "2 bit instruction"
>>>>when you calculate the sum of 1 + 1) doesn't mean it's not a 64 bit chip.
>>>
>>>No, but it _very likely_ means that the design has some trade-offs to make the
>>>32 bit stuff work.  IE it is simply easier to do everything in 64 bit mode
>>>rather than having to special-case some 32 bit stuff using the same registers,
>>>as then there are all the normal sign-bit problems, to name just one issue.
>>
>>Yes, there are some sign issues and some flag bit issues but if you know
>>anything about logic design you know those are insignificant. Alpha is a pure 64
>>bit chip and it still has to do sign extension stuff for when you load 8, 16, or
>>32 bit values and want them sign-extended. So you can reuse logic that's already
>>there. I refuse to believe that 32 bit support in any of these chips involves
>>trade-offs in any way.
>>
>>>>>It runs X86 natively.  That is a 32 bit instruction set.
>>>>
>>>>So does IA64, although you apparently didn't realize this.
>>>
>>>No I didn't, although I am not an IA64 person.  However, how does a VLIW
>>>architecture execute mov al,x type instructions?  If the hardware can do
>>>that it would be interesting.  If software has to do some translation then
>>
>>The same way a RISC architecture (e.g., Pentium 4) executes mov al,x type
>>instrcutions.
>>
>>-Tom
>
>
>The problem is, the X86 architecture _defines_ mov al,x.  But I don't see
>that in the VLIW definition for Itanium...  Not that I intend to be an
>Itanium assembly programmer any time soon unless we get a few and they are
>available for chess. :)

IA-64 Processor Programmers Reference.
Manual Vol. 4 -- IA-32 Instruction Set Description.

I have it on the desk near me.

Also, you can find lot of stuff in the vol. 1 through 3. How IA-32 registers are
mapped into IA-64 registers, how 32-bit code can interoperate with 64-bit one,
how interrupts and traps are handled when CPU is in the 32-bit mode, etc.

Open those books and enjoy :-)

Thanks,
Eugene



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