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Subject: Re: Bitboard vs Offset again ! now after Rybka

Author: Chan Rasjid

Date: 09:24:58 01/20/06

Go up one level in this thread


On January 20, 2006 at 09:02:11, Vasik Rajlich wrote:

>>static const u64 kDzE4 = 0x0000382838000000;
>>static const u64 nDzE4 = 0x0028440044280000;
>>
>>
>>u64 getNMap(int sq){
>> static const u64 nMask[2] = {FILE_3TO8, FILE_1TO6};
>> if (sq >= E4)
>> return (nDzE4 << (sq - E4)) & nMask[FILE64(sq) - 4 >> 31 & 1];
>> return (nDzE4 >> (E4 - sq)) & nMask[FILE64(sq) - 4 >> 31 & 1];
>>}
>>
>>
>>u64 getKMap(int sq){
>> static const u64 kMask[2] = {FILE_2TO8, FILE_1TO7};
>> if (sq >= E4)
>> return (kDzE4 << (sq - E4)) & kMask[FILE64(sq) - 4 >> 31 & 1];
>> return (kDzE4 >> (E4 - sq)) & kMask[FILE64(sq) - 4 >> 31 & 1];
>>}
>>
>>Pawns are simple.

>I'm a little confused as to what exactly you're doing in the above code. For
>example, getting knight target squares is best done via simply:
>
>unsigned int64 knight_targets = knight_target_array [knight_sq] &
>~same_color_pieces;
>

The reason is I learn / over-learn from Fruit's code and after reading some
articles about "locality of references". u64 knight_target_array [64] == 4 x 128
bytes. My getNMap() superficially seems ok, by shifting and masking the N-map of
square E4. Fruit's codes seem not to like jumping about a large address space
and tries to work within  128 bytes; any far variables are "copied" as local at
start of domove(), etc...

>Anyway, it's not clear that an incremental approach is faster - and it's a hell
>of a lot messier. I just compute everything when I need it.
>

I think "a lot messier" is psychological. I did it very smoothly without any
major hitch and all about 300 lines not counting 100 lines of asserts.
My debug auoplay plays 100+ games an all asserts(30%) cleared.
When I was doing my 16x16 domove() and undomove(), it gave greater problems.

There is no incremental updates for P/N/K as long as the full maps inclusive of
all terminal pieces are retained. Only on extracting moves do we do an
 & ~same_color_piece otherwise it mess up incremental codes.
The seemingly messy incremental is for the sliding pieces. A loop for 4 types is
done - bishop, rook, Q-as-B, Q-as-R and the codes are the same except for minor
differences. Again all terminal pieces have to be retained otherwise it may mess
up incremental codes. I post my sliding incremental codes below. I only have not
tested if it is fast as the extracting moves part is not completed. Those who
know asm may guess if it's ok.

>>3) QS move generation - In the past debate, it seemed no one mentioned this.
>>   90% of all nodes are QS nodes. Getting BB captures are the simplest. With
>>offset we still have to start from the targets and test by sliding thru empty
>>squares etc. So BB here may have a significantly influential advantage. Is this
>>the "secret of Rybka" ?
>>
>
>I don't know that it's really possible to compare board representations, and a
>few % speedup isn't all that important. Bitboards are certainly very elegant
>when it comes to various forms of "selective move generation".
>
>Vas
>
>>Best Regards,
>>Rasjid

My main incremenatal generation for sliding pieces :-

#ifndef		 STACK_H
#define		STACK_H

const int B_Slide = 0;
const int R_Slide = 1;
const int DirDiag7 = 0;
const int DirDiag9 = 1;
const int DirVert = 0;
const int DirHorz = 1;

//same for p / b
const int DirStep[2][2] = {//[b/r][dir-index]
 15,  17,
 16,   1
};

struct pkMove_t {//sz 16
 u64 bb;// bit and piece have a 1-1 relation for both P/N, so may delete on
//update also in dirDeleted
 u64 bal;
 // to get bit, shift back to bits[c][Pawns]
};

struct nMove_t {//sz 24
 int from;
 int nPC;
 u64 bb;// bit and piece have a 1-1 relation for both P/N, so may delete on
//update also in dirDeleted
 u64 bal;
};


//size =  48 byte
// b/r need 1 element per pc; q need 2 element  per pc.
struct brMove_t {//also for king ?
 int from;
 int padding;
 u64 bb[2];// the brq paths with terminal pcs.
 u64 dir[2];//full b/r direction bits
 u64 bal;//==  bb[0] | bb[1], 2 disjoint sets
 //u64 bbFrom == bb[0] & bb[1]
};

struct moveStack_t {
 brMove_t brq[4][4][1];//[ind][pc >>1, 0 = qR, 1 = b, 2 = r, 3 = qB]
 brMove_t kQ[2];//must same type to pass as ptr.
 pkMove_t pk[4][1];
 nMove_t n[4][1];
 u64 kN;//King as N
 int nN;
 int nB;
 int nR;
 int nQ;
 u64 padding1;

};

/*
 note - pclist index corrupts by search, so cannot use as index to stack-move
index
	*/

//non recursive search stack
struct  stack_t {
 move_t	moveStack[moveStackSize];//tmp, only for 16x16 to debug BB
 move_t	pv[MaxHeight];
 moveStack_t bbMoveStack[1];//8 x 128 BB move stack
 moveStack_t buf[1];//8 x 128 , save at node start, restore on undo
 u64 bits[2][8];
 undo_t undo[1];//128 byte
 u64 * allBits;
 int depth;
 int alpha;
 int beta;
 int best;

 int bestType;
 move_t bestMove;
 int pvLength;
 move_t * pCurrentMove;

 //buffer - save at domove, restore on undomove; todo - may eliminate ?
 sq_t sqFrom;//1st in order
 sq_t sqCaptureEP;
 sq_t sqFromCastleRook;
 int fExt;

 int flag;
 int incheck;
 int nGeneratedMove;
 int	nMoveDone;

 //follow 3 pulled out of undo, so undo sz == 128 byte
  u64	hashKey;
  u64	pawnHashKey;

 int promotePc;
 int preAlpha;

 int pad1;
};

#endif


bool_t genIncrementalBB(board_t * board, stack_t * pS, move_t m, incheck_t *
incheck, sq_t sqCaptureEP, const int c, const int side, u64 all){
 static const int DirStep[2][2] = {//[b/r][dir-index]
  15,  17, // b / q-asB
 16,    1  //r / q-as-R
};

 int i, j;
 moveStack_t * const pMS = pS->bbMoveStack;
 brMove_t *pElem;
 const int *lp, loopPc[] = {// 7 == King as Queen
  1,  2, 3,  7,  0
 };

 int	nK = 1;
 int * const nBRQ[] = {
  0,
  &pMS->nB,//no  of bishop
  &pMS->nR,
  &pMS->nQ,
  0,
  0,
  0,
  &nK
	};
//todo - tmp, some available from bbDoMove();
 u64 u;
 u64 bbTo = SQ_BB(TO(m));
 u64 bbFrom = SQ_BB(FROM(m));
 u64 bbCapture = 0;
 u64 bbEP_Capture = 0;
 u64 * pAttackBB = board->undo->attackBB[c];

 memset( board->undo->attackBB[c], 0 , sizeof(board->undo->attackBB[c]));
 assert(all & bbTo);
 if (!IS_MOVE_CAPTURE(m)){
  if (!IS_MOVE_EP(m));
  else{
   bbEP_Capture = SQ_BB(side ? TO(m) - RankStep : TO(m) + RankStep);
  }
 }else{
  bbCapture = bbTo;
 }

 lp = loopPc;
 do{
 //pc = *lp << 1;
 for ( i = *nBRQ[*lp] - 1; i >= 0; i--){
  j = *lp;// has continue after j = 0
  j < 7 ? (pElem = pMS->brq[i][j]) : (pElem = pMS->kQ); // j == 7  for K-as Q
  u = pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1];
  assert(pElem->bb[0]);
  assert(pElem->bb[1]);
  assert(u == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
  assert((pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]) == pElem->bal);
  assert(j == 3 ? pElem->from == pMS->brq[i][0]->from : 1);

 if (TO(m) != pElem->from){//may be capt of others
  if (u & all);//include cstl rook
  else{
 //now the pc moves, get full
 assert(c == side);
 assert(IS_SQ_EMPTY(board->sq[pElem->from]));
 if (j == 7)//dont mix- when the king moves; here allow only castle rook
 continue;

 if (!IS_MOVE_CSTL(m))
 pElem->from = TO(m);
 else{//cstl rook
  assert(j == 2);
  assert(TO(m) - FROM(m) & 2);
  pElem->from  = TO(m) - (TO(m) - FROM(m) >> 1);
 }

 if (j&1){// bs / q
  getBAttackBB_SQ64(pElem, SQ_TO64(pElem->from),
  SQ_BB(pElem->from), all);
  assert(pElem->bal == getBMap_SQ(pElem->from, all));
  *(pAttackBB + (j << 1)) |= pElem->bal;
 }
 if ( j & 2){
  if (j == 2);
  else{
   pElem = pMS->brq[i][0];//qR
  pElem->from = TO(m);
 }
 getRAttackBB_SQ64(pElem, SQ_TO64(pElem->from), SQ_BB(pElem->from), all);
 assert(pElem->bal == getRMap_SQ(pElem->from, all));
 *(pAttackBB + (j << 1)) |= pElem->bal;
}

assert(pElem->bal == (pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
continue;//next pc same type
}

Q_ROOK_CUT:

 assert(bbFrom != (pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1]));//not moved
 assert(bbTo != (pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1]));//not captured

  if ( !(pElem->bal & (bbTo ^ bbCapture)) ){//usual not a cut
   if ( j < 3 || bbCapture);//ok, also for qR	j == 0
   else {
     j < 7 ? (pElem = pMS->brq[i][j = 0]) : (j = 0, pElem++);//qR
     assert((pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1]) == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
     assert((pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]) == pElem->bal);
     u = pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1];
      assert(u == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
     //must loop to do q-as rook
      goto Q_ROOK_CUT;
   }
  }else {// now there is somthing to cut
   u64 *pBB;
   assert(u == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
   pBB = pElem->bb;
   if (*pBB & bbTo);
   else {
    pBB++;
    assert(*pBB & bbTo);
   }
   pElem->bal ^= *pBB;
   if (bbTo < u){
    *pBB &= BITS_GE(bbTo);
  }else{
   assert(bbTo > u);
   assert( bbTo & BITS_G(u));
   *pBB &= BITS_LE(bbTo);
  }
  pElem->bal |= *pBB;

#ifdef	_DEBUG
			if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
			else{
				printBB("B-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("BB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);
			}
#endif

 }

 if ( j );
 else{
  j = *lp;//reset
  j < 7 ? (pElem = pMS->brq[i][j] ) : (pElem = pMS->kQ);
  u = pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1];
 }

Q_ROOK_EXT:
// may NOT both cut and ext	1 dir; diff dir ok
 if ( !(pElem->bal & bbFrom) ){//usual not an ext
  if ( j < 3);//ok, also for qR	j == 0
  else {
    j < 7 ? (pElem = pMS->brq[i][j = 0]) : (j = 0, pElem++);//qR
     assert((pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1]) == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
     assert((pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]) == pElem->bal);
     u = pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1];
     assert(u == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
   //loop to ext q-as-rook
    goto Q_ROOK_EXT;
  }
 }else{
   i64 lb_ub, v;
   u64 *pBB, *pDir;
   assert(u == SQ_BB(pElem->from));
   pDir = pElem->dir;
   pBB = pElem->bb;
   if (*pDir & bbFrom);
   else {//ext
     pDir++;
     pBB++;
}
 assert(*pBB & bbFrom);
 if (bbFrom < u){
  lb_ub = 1;
  if ( !(v =  all & *pDir & BITS_L(u)) );
  else {
   while ( v & v - 1){
    v &= v - 1;
   }
   lb_ub = v & -v;//lb
  //	( i - j ) > 0  has 1's in bit j and the intervening bits
  *pBB |= *pDir & (u - lb_ub);// w/o u ok
  }else{
  lb_ub = 0x8000000000000000;
  assert(bbFrom > u);
  v =  *pDir & all & BITS_GE(bbFrom);
  if ( v &= -v ){
   lb_ub = v;//ub
  }
  *pBB |= *pDir & ((lb_ub - u) | lb_ub);
 }
 pElem->bal |= *pBB;

#ifdef	_DEBUG
			if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
			else{
				printBB("R-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);
			}
#endif

 }

 if (bbEP_Capture == 0);
   else {//rare special ep case
   if (bbFrom != bbEP_Capture){
   bbFrom = bbEP_Capture;//may release ext
   j = *lp;//reset
   j < 7 ? (pElem = pMS->brq[i][j] ) : (pElem = pMS->kQ);
   u = pElem->bb[0] & pElem->bb[1];
   goto Q_ROOK_EXT;
  }
  bbFrom = SQ_BB(FROM(m));//reset
 }

//no need reset j

#ifdef	_DEBUG
//may assert get map only after	all cut, extent.

	j = *lp;//reset
	if (j == 1){
	if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
	else{
		printBB("B-bal", pElem->bal, all);
		printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
		assert(0);
	}

	db_u1 = getBMap_SQ(pElem->from, all);
	if (db_u1 == pElem->bal);
	else{
		printBB("B-bal", pElem->bal, all);
		printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
		assert(0);
	}
      }

		if (j == 2){
			if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
			else{
				printBB("R-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);
			}
			db_u1 = getRMap_SQ(pElem->from, all);
			if (db_u1 == pElem->bal);
			else{
				printBB("R-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);// when EP
			}
		}

		if (j >= 3){
			if (j == 3)
			pElem = pMS->brq[i][3];
			else
			pElem = pMS->kQ;

			if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
			else{
				printBB("qB-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);
			}
			db_u1 = getBMap_SQ(pElem->from, all);
			if (db_u1 == pElem->bal);
			else{
				printBB("qB-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);//bal has error, miss end-pc in all
			}

			if (j == 3)
			pElem = pMS->brq[i][0];
			else
			pElem++;// = pMS->kQ;
			if (pElem->bal == (db_u1 = pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
			else{
				printBB("qR-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);
			}

			db_u1 = getRMap_SQ(pElem->from, all);
			if (db_u1 == pElem->bal);
			else{
				printBB("qR-bal", pElem->bal, all);
				printBB("getBB", db_u1, all);
				assert(0);//bal has error, miss end-pc in all
			}
		}

#endif
//end debug

//sum th attacks of same type
 if (j == 1 || j == 2)
 *(pAttackBB + (j << 1)) |= pElem->bal;
 else if (*lp == 3)
  *(pAttackBB + Queen) |= pMS->brq[i][3]->bal | pMS->brq[i][0]->bal;

//NOT when a capture move
 if (c != side && *lp < 7){
  pElem = pMS->brq[i][*lp];
  assert(pElem->bal == (pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
  if (pElem->bal & board->bits[side][King]){
   assert(brqAttack88(board, board->piece[side][0], c));
   return False;
  }

 assert(*lp == 3 ? (pElem - 3)->bal == ((pElem - 3)->bb[0] | (pElem - 3)->bb[1])
 : 1);

  if (*lp == 3 && (pElem - 3)->bal & board->bits[side][King]){
    assert((pElem - 3)->bal == ((pElem - 3)->bb[0] | (pElem - 3)->bb[1]));
    assert( pElem - 3 == pMS->brq[i][0]);
    assert(brqAttack88(board, board->piece[side][0], c));
    return False;
   }
  }
 }else{//this pc captured. delete
   assert(j < 7);
   assert(c != side);
   assert(IS_MOVE_CAPTURE(m));
   assert(SQ_PIECE(sqCaptureEP) == (j << 1));
   debug_nCapture++;

   (*nBRQ[j])--;
   assert(*nBRQ[j]	>= 0);
   if (*nBRQ[j] == 0 || *nBRQ[j] == i);
   else{//pMS->nBRQ now last index
  //dele pc and swap pc of last index
   *pElem = *pMS->brq[*nBRQ[j]][j];//swap last
    if ( j < 3 );
    else
    *pMS->brq[i][0] = *pMS->brq[*nBRQ[j]][0];//swap last q-as-R
    assert(IS_SQ_ON(board->sq[pElem->from]));
    assert(TO(m) != pElem->from);
    assert(SQ_PIECE(board->sq[pElem->from]) == (j << 1));
    assert(SQ_COLOR(board->sq[pElem->from]) == c);
   }
   assert(pElem->bal == (pElem->bb[0] | pElem->bb[1]));
  }

  //next pc of same type
  }//for
 }while ( *++lp );

//etc.. trivial for P / n / K

return True;
}






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