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Subject: Re: random number generation

Author: Andreas Stabel

Date: 23:48:10 04/14/99

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On April 12, 1999 at 19:44:51, James Swafford wrote:

>
>My opening book relies on a random number generation to
>choose among book entries.  Windows random( ) function
>leaves a lot to be desired, even when reseeded using the
>system timer before each call.
>
>I'm interested in hearing what other programmers are doing
>for _random_ number generation.
>
>--
>James

Here is my C conversion of the Mersenne Twister which is supposed to be one
of the best pseudo-random generators in existance.
I hope it is useful.
Andreas Stabel

----------- CUT HERE -------------
/* A C-program for MT19937:
// lRand() generates one pseudorandom unsigned integer (32bit)
//  which is uniformly distributed among 0 to 2^32-1
// dRand() generates one pseudorandom real number
//  which is uniformly distributed among 0.0 to <1.0
// Coded by Takuji Nishimura, considering the suggestions by
// Topher Cooper and Marc Rieffel in July-Aug. 1997.
// Modified by John Cooke 1998-04-20
//  to use standard Seed(), lRand(), dRand() functions

// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
// version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// See the GNU Library General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General
// Public License along with this library; if not, write to the
// Free Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
// 02111-1307  USA

// Copyright (C) 1997 Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura.
// When you use this, send an email to: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp
// with an appropriate reference to your work. */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

#define IEEE 1 /* Set = 1 if IEEE 64 bit double float */
#define LITTLE_END 1 /* Set = 1 if running on a little-endian machine */

/* Period parameters */
#define MT_BUFSZ 624
#define N MT_BUFSZ
#define M 397
#define MATRIX_A 0x9908b0df   /* constant vector a */
#define UPPER_MASK 0x80000000 /* most significant w-r bits */
#define LOWER_MASK 0x7fffffff /* least significant r bits */

/* Tempering parameters */
#define TEMPERING_MASK_B 0x9d2c5680
#define TEMPERING_MASK_C 0xefc60000
#define TEMPERING_SHIFT_U(y)  (y >> 11)
#define TEMPERING_SHIFT_S(y)  (y << 7)
#define TEMPERING_SHIFT_T(y)  (y << 15)
#define TEMPERING_SHIFT_L(y)  (y >> 18)

typedef unsigned long uint32;

uint32 mt[MT_BUFSZ]; /* the array for the state vector  */
int mti;
uint32 mag01[2];
/* mag01[x] = x * MATRIX_A  for x=0,1 */

void Seed ( uint32 seed)
{
/* setting initial seeds to mt[N] using
// the generator Line 25 of Table 1 in
// [KNUTH 1981, The Art of Computer Programming
//    Vol. 2 (2nd Ed.), pp102] */

/* fudge the seed if its lower bits are zero */
   if ((seed & 0xFFFFFF) == 0) seed = seed | 0xFFFFFF;
   mt[0] = seed;
   /* mt[0] = seed ? seed : 0xffffffff; */
    for (mti=1; mti<N; mti++)
        mt[mti] = (69069 * mt[mti-1]);
    mag01[0] = 0x0;
    mag01[1] = MATRIX_A;
}

uint32 lRand()
{
    uint32 y;

    if (mti >= N) { /* generate N words at one time */
        int kk;

        for (kk=0;kk<N-M;kk++) {
            y = (mt[kk]&UPPER_MASK)|(mt[kk+1]&LOWER_MASK);
            mt[kk] = mt[kk+M] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];
        }
        for (;kk<N-1;kk++) {
            y = (mt[kk]&UPPER_MASK)|(mt[kk+1]&LOWER_MASK);
            mt[kk] = mt[kk+(M-N)] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];
        }
        y = (mt[N-1]&UPPER_MASK)|(mt[0]&LOWER_MASK);
        mt[N-1] = mt[M-1] ^ (y >> 1) ^ mag01[y & 0x1];

        mti = 0;
    }

    y = mt[mti++];
    y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_U(y);
    y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_S(y) & TEMPERING_MASK_B;
    y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_T(y) & TEMPERING_MASK_C;
    y ^= TEMPERING_SHIFT_L(y);

    return y;
}

/* RANGE_LE1 puts a uint32 in the range [0,1] (0<=x<=1) */
#define RANGE_LE1 2.3283064370807974e-10

/* RANGE_LT1 puts a uint32 in the range [0,1) (0<=x<1) */
#define RANGE_LT1 2.3283064365386963e-10

double dRand ()
{
#if IEEE
   uint32 hiv,lov, *dvp;
   double hdv;

   dvp = (uint32 *) &hdv;
   hiv = lRand();
   lov = lRand();
   hiv = hiv & 0xFFFFF;
   hiv = hiv | 0x3FF00000;
#if LITTLE_END
   dvp[0] = lov; dvp[1] = hiv;
#else
   dvp[0] = hiv; dvp[1] = lov;
#endif
   return(hdv - (double)1.0);
#else
        uint32 y = lRand();
    return ( (double)y * RANGE_LT1 ); /* reals: [0,1)-interval */
#endif
}

int main(int argc, char *argp[])
{
   unsigned long myseed,hu,lov,hiv, *hup;
   double hd;
   int two, drflag;

   hup = (unsigned long *) &hd; drflag = 0;
   if (argc == 1) {
      time((long *)&myseed);
   } else if (argc >= 2) {
      if (sscanf(argp[1],"%lu", &myseed) != 1) drflag = 1;
      if (argc > 2) drflag = 1;
   } else goto error;
   printf("Seed = %lu (%08lX)\n",myseed,myseed);
   Seed(myseed);

   hu = 4294967295;
   hd = (double)hu * RANGE_LT1;
   printf("2**32 - 1 * LT1 --> %.20G\n",hd);
   hd = (double)hu * RANGE_LE1;
   printf("2**32 - 1 * LE1 --> %.20G\n",hd);
   printf("hu = %08lX !\n",hu);

   hu = 4294967294;
   hd = (double)hu * RANGE_LT1;
   printf("2**32 - 2 * LT1 --> %.20G\n",hd);
   hd = (double)hu * RANGE_LE1;
   printf("2**32 - 2 * LE1 --> %.20G\n",hd);
   printf("hu = %08lX !\n",hu);

   two = 0;
   for (;;) {
      if (!drflag) {
      hu = lRand();
      if (two) {
         lov = hu; two = 0;
         hiv = hiv & 0xFFFFF;
         hiv = hiv | 0x3FF00000;
         hup[0] = lov; hup[1] = hiv;
         hd = hd - (double)1.0;
         printf("%12lu   (%08lX)   ",hu,hu);
         printf("%08lX %08lX -> %.18lf",hup[1],hup[0],hd);
      } else {
         hiv = hu; two = 1;
         printf("%12lu   (%08lX)   ",hu,hu);
      }
      } else { /* drflag */
      hd = dRand();
      printf("%08lX %08lX -> %.18lf   ",hup[1],hup[0],hd);
      }
      while (getchar() != '\n') ;
   }
   return(0);
error:
   printf("Error !!!!\n");
   return(1);
}
----------- CUT HERE -------------



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