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Subject: Re: number of pawn positions in chess...

Author: Ricardo Gibert

Date: 18:39:49 01/13/00

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On January 12, 2000 at 18:34:49, Dan Ellwein wrote:

>Hi
>
>Just wanted to bounce this off of the group and see if this is an accurate
>representation of how many (non redundant) pawn positions there are in chess...
>
>
>(0,8)(1,7)(2,6)(3,5)(4,4) 8P 48x47x46x45x44x43x42x41  x5 = _______
>(0,7)(1,6)(2,5)(3,4)      7P 48X47X46X45X44X43X42     x4 = _______
>(0,6)(1,5)(2,4)(3,3)      6p 48X47X46X45X44X43        x4 = _______
>(0,5)(1,4)(2,3)           5P 48x47x46x45x44           x3 = _______
>(0,4)(1,3)(2,2)           4P 48x47x46x45              x3 = _______
>(0,3)(1,2)                3P 48x47x46                 x2 = _______
>(0,2)(1,1)                2P 48x47                    x2 = _______
>(0,1)                     1P 48                       x1 = _______
>
>
>Number of non redundant pawn postions in chess  --  TOTAL: _______
>
>haven't done the math on it yet, but it looks like about 75 trillion...
>
>thanks...
>
>PilgrimDan

I wrote a short little program that calculates the number of pawn positions to
be 8e10. The vast majority of positions represented by this number are illegal.
so this is an upper bound. However, I'm a C newbie so I probably made an error.

In any case, there is a quite simple argument that shows the upper bound to be
less than 1.8e19: Consider a 48 bit bitmap giving the locations of all the pawns
on the board. Since at most 16 of these bits can be set, we can use a 16 bit
bitmap to give color. That's 64 bits total or 1.8e19 pawn positions.

Of course, we are overcounting like crazy. The 48 bit location bitmap includes
positions with 17 to 48 pawns! Also, the 16 bit color bitmap includes those
positions with more than 8 white or 8 black pawns.

Taking all this into account I calculated the 8e10 result. With a little
friendly cajoling, I may be persuaded to explain how I calculated this result.
In the meantime, I will double check my result.



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