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Subject: Re: Questions on the Alpha-Beta algorithm and other things.

Author: José Carlos

Date: 09:02:59 02/18/00

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On February 18, 2000 at 11:37:34, Sanjiv Karnataki wrote:

>On February 18, 2000 at 03:13:19, Dan Newman wrote:
>
>>On February 17, 2000 at 15:30:10, Jeff Anderson wrote:
>>
>>>Hi, right now I am trying to learn about the Alpha-Beta algorithm, I have a few
>>>questions that maybe someone can help me with:
>>>
>>>
>>>With sophisticated move ordering, like that found in Crafty, how much time is
>>>saved (like in actual numbers or %'s) over having no alpha-beta alogirithm at
>>>all?
>>>
>>>With random move ordering how much time is saved over having no alpha-beta
>>>algorithm at all?
>>>
>>
>>This will vary with depth searched: the deeper you search the greater the
>>savings alpha-beta gives.  Let's imagine we search to ten plies deep and
>>that the mini-max branching factor is 36 (about like chess).  With mini-max
>>we will visit 36^10 == 3.7x10^15 nodes.  The last time I tried alpha-beta
>>without any attempt at move ordering I got an average branching factor of
>>about 11 or so (IIRC).  So 11^10 == 2.6 x10^10 nodes would be visited in
>>this case.  Thus alpha-beta, even with "random" move ordering, can give an
>>enormous speedup--in this case 142,000 times.
>>
>>Now, if you put in good move ordering you can get the branching factor down
>>to about 6, and if you also do the null-move heuristic, down to about 3.
>>So you might then visit 3^10 == 59,000 nodes to get 10 plies deep, which
>>is about 60 billon times as fast as pure mini-max...
>>
>>-Dan.
>>
>>>
>>>Are there any top programs which do not use the alpha-beta algorithm in their
>>>search?
>>>
>>>If one has a program that creates a tree with no evaluations and no effort to
>>>find the best move, simply creating a brute force tree, how much faster will
>>>this be than when it creating a tree with evaluations attached (assume no
>>>pruning or anything to the tree)?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Thanks in advance,
>>>Jeff
>
>
>That is very impressive, but I am new here so a few questions:
>
>a) by move ordering, does that mean move ordering at the root only.

  No, move ordering is important at every ply, but usually managed in a
different way at the root.

>b) is move ordering at the root based on the scores returned for each move at
>the previous iteration?

  Yes, the PV move must always be the first searched, but not only at the root,
but at every ply.

>c) what are the other techniques of move ordering and is there a site that
>discusses these ?

  Now I'm at work and can't point you any web sites, but there are a lot. If no
one else tell you, I'll look for them later at home.

>Thank you in advance.
>
>Sanjiv.

  José C.



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