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Subject: Branching factor, etc

Author: David Hanley

Date: 17:40:44 08/29/02


Ok, i have my program working and fairly complete--it has all the rules in and
plays decent positional chess.  I'm pleased.

I implemented all the mechanisms that i think i'm supposed to--nullmove, hash
move first, then two killers, then winning static exchange moves sorted by
expected material win, then moves sorted by their history score.  I sort moves
at the root with each iterative deepening.

However, the branching factor seems 'off.' My branching factor seems to vary
between 4 and 7.  For example, here's an 8 ply search from the opening position:

Score: -53
Searched 414821 total nodes
Got 114215 hash hits (27 percent hits)
There were 240894 quiesce nodes
The pawn hash contains 17855 entries
Branching factor is 4.522705

Here's a 6 ply search a bit later: (white just thought and chose e3)

+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| R | N |   | Q | K | B |   | R |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | P | P |   | P | P | P | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|   |   |   |   |   | N |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|   |   |   | P |   | B |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|   |   |   |*p |   |   |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|   |   |*n |   |*p |*n |   |   |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|*p |*p |*p |   |   |*p |*p |*p |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|*r |   |*b |*q |*k |*b |   |*r |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Score: -44
Searched 134392 nodes
Got 27504 hash hits (20 percent hits)
There were 87728 quiesce nodes
The pawn hash contains 6098 entries
Branching factor is 5.999756


I guess i wonder if i'm fussing over nothing.  Or perhaps if my search is broken
somehow.  I tried turning off move sorting and launched a search from the
opening position.  It seems to indicate to me that the move sorting is having a
big positive effect.  Here's a six ply search from the opening position, no move
sorting:

Score: -55
Searched 591677 nodes
Got 128337 hash hits (21 percent hits)
There were 395070 quiesce nodes
The pawn hash contains 31050 entries
Branching factor is 7.623291

It took more nodes than the 8 ply search with sorting!

Maybe i should be happy with my code, but i hear people talking of branching
factors like two and three.  So maybe i should look for a bug.

dave



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