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Subject: Re: The total number of possible chess positions? WT

Author: Vincent Vega

Date: 15:36:17 09/01/00

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On September 01, 2000 at 02:33:42, Uri Blass wrote:

>On August 31, 2000 at 23:44:39, Vincent Vega wrote:
>
>>On August 31, 2000 at 16:41:22, Uri Blass wrote:
>>
>>>On August 31, 2000 at 15:54:16, Frederic Friedel wrote:
>>>
>>>>But we don’t need to do that in order to solve chess (in the Thompson endgame
>>>>sense). The number of possible legal chess positions is far smaller: between
>>>>10^53 and 10^55.
>>
>>It is easy to see that the number of legal positions is less than 10^51 with
>>just a few simple rules (1 king per side, at most 16 pieces per side, no pawns
>>on 1st or 8th row).
>>
>>>
>>>The number of possible legal positions is really smaller and my counting program
>>>found that it is smaller.
>>>
>>>3.7010630121207222927827147741452119115968e46 is the upper bound that my program
>>>found(not considering side to move and castling or en passant rule).
>>>Ratko v.tomic improved it to a smaller bound but not clearly smaller.
>>>
>>>I guess that the real number of positions is between  10^43 and 10^45.
>>
>>I think this estimate is probably close to the truth.  En passant and castling
>>won't add a significant number of positions because they require very specific
>>board setups.
>>
>>>
>>>It is possible to get an estimate for this number by the following steps.
>>>1)counting the exact number of pseudo-legal positions(I will call it x).
>>>2)generating 10000 of random pseudo-legal positions.
>>>3)counting the number of the real legal positions out of the 10,000 pseudo-legal
>>>positions(I will call it L).
>>>4)get the estimate x*L/10000.
>>>
>>>We must be careful that x will not be too big(otherwise we may get a very small
>>>number in step 3 and in this case the estimate cannot be trusted).
>>>An extreme case is the case when L=0 and the estimate in step 4 is 0.
>>>
>>>If we get L>30 we can know that we found a good estimate.
>>>
>>>This is a hard work to do it and I am not going to try it unless I find somebody
>>>to pay me for this job(at least 10000$).
>>>Checking the 10000 positions is a hard work(If I need 6 minutes to decide for
>>>every position if it is legal then I need 1000 hours only to do step 3).
>>>
>>>I do not believe that I will find somebody who wants to pay for this job so I am
>>>not going to try to do this job.
>>>
>>>Uri
>>
>>Why do you think that the process of checking if a pseudo-legal position is
>>legal can't be automated?  I think one could devise an algorithm that would look
>>at all the things a human could possibly check.
>
>It is not so simple.
>You can prove that a position is illegal by automatic algorithem(for example if
>both kings are in check) but in order to prove that a position is legal you have
>to construct a game that is leading to the position and I do not know about a
>program that can do it.
>
>You are right that it is possible to save time by automatic checking and
>checking manually only the undecided positions.
>
>Uri

I don't think writing a program that could create games to prove most positions
legal would be too difficult.  It would certainly be much more fun than doing
these positions manually.  I guess one could construct positions that would make
it tough for such a program but I don't think these difficult ones would make up
a large percentage of our randomly chosen sample.  It'd be nice to get a lower
bound on the number of total positions.

BTW, did your pseudo-legal position generation avoid all the rules you could
find (for example: if the king is double-checked by a knight and a rook, if the
rook is within 2 squares of the king, the position is illegal (many other rules
for double-checks); a side can't have 16 pieces if it doesn't have both light-
and dark- square bishops; pawn structure and number of opponent's pieces
determine max. number of possible promotions, etc.)?



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