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Subject: Re: 64 Bit Programs

Author: Vincent Diepeveen

Date: 09:29:18 07/02/03

Go up one level in this thread


On July 01, 2003 at 16:02:40, Robert Hyatt wrote:

>On July 01, 2003 at 13:20:32, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>
>>On July 01, 2003 at 11:57:58, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>
>>>On June 30, 2003 at 21:03:30, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>>>
>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 23:50:11, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 06:35:02, Tony Werten wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 14:23:50, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 12:12:15, Jay Urbanski wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 10:33:45, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>Those are not true 64 bit processors.  Supposedly 32 bit stuff runs just
>>>>>>>>>fine on them, but they have 64 bit extensions.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>How is Opteron not a true 64-bit processor?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>Because it executes 32 bit instructions _also_.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>P4 and AMD also execute 16-bit instructions, so they are 16 bit processors ?
>>>>>
>>>>>Not pure 16 bit no.  Not pure 32 either.
>>>>>
>>>>>Check out "Cray" for a better example of a pure architecture.
>>>>>
>>>>>All math is 64 bits.  All address arithmetic is 32 bits.  Different
>>>>>instructions, functional units, and registers for each.  No kludges about
>>>>>gating 32 bits with 32 high-end zeroes and that kind of stuff.
>>>>>
>>>>>But in the case of opteron, at least at first look, it appears to be a 32
>>>>>bit machine with 64 bit instructions layered on top.
>>>>
>>>>Are you kidding me?
>>>>
>>>>The "bitiness" is the width of a chip's datapath, right?
>>>
>>>Yes.  But there is more.  A chip made to do 64 bit operations as its _normal_
>>>mode of functioning is a 64 bit chip.  A chip that does 32 bit operations
>>>normally, with 64 bit add-ons, is not really a _full_ 64 bit chip.
>>>
>>>That was, and is, my point.
>>
>>How do you figure that the Opteron/PA-RISC/UltraSPARC/MIPS/POWER do not do
>>64-bit operations as their "normal" mode of functioning? They have 64 bit
>>registers and the values in those registers are communicated over 64 bit busses
>>to 64 bit buffers and 64 bit latches and 64 bit ALUs. How can you possibly get
>>more 64 bit than that? Just because all of this hardware _can_ be utilized to
>>also execute 32 bit instructions (the same way a chip does a "2 bit instruction"
>>when you calculate the sum of 1 + 1) doesn't mean it's not a 64 bit chip.
>
>No, but it _very likely_ means that the design has some trade-offs to make the
>32 bit stuff work.  IE it is simply easier to do everything in 64 bit mode
>rather than having to special-case some 32 bit stuff using the same registers,
>as then there are all the normal sign-bit problems, to name just one issue.
>
>Note that I didn't say that the opteron was trash.  Far from it.  I simply said
>that I doubt it is a pure 64-bit processor, since it was first designed to be
>compatible with the X86 (poor) architecture, and then had 64 bit supported
>added on top.
>
>The X86 architecture itself is bad enough.
>
>
>>
>>Conceptually, all of these ISAs can be viewed as "add-ons" or "extensions" if
>>you're going to make a PowerPoint block diagram, but that has no bearing on the
>>design of the processor. All of these chips can decode 32 or 64 bit instructions
>>(with mostly the same logic, in fact) equally fast. Saying "add on" makes it
>>sound like the 64 bit instructions must first be translated to 32 bit
>>instructions or something.
>
>Not what I implied.  Having to execute instructions designed for 32 bits
>requires some concessions that a pure 64 bit machine doesn't have to deal
>with.  Again, the Cray is the perfect example, in that even though it does
>both 32 and 64 bit stuff, 32 bit for addresses only, and 64 bits for math
>only, everything is _clean_ and there are no worries about doing any 32 bit
>stuff on the 64 bit functional units, etc.
>
>
>
>
>>
>>>>The Athlon and Pentium quite obviously have a 32 bit datapath so they are 32-bit
>>>>chips. The Opteron has a 64 bit datapath so it's a 64-bit chip.
>>>>
>>>>I don't know what you mean by "64 bit instructions layered on top."
>>>>
>>>>-Tom
>>>
>>>It runs X86 natively.  That is a 32 bit instruction set.
>>
>>So does IA64, although you apparently didn't realize this.
>
>No I didn't, although I am not an IA64 person.  However, how does a VLIW
>architecture execute mov al,x type instructions?  If the hardware can do
>that it would be interesting.  If software has to do some translation then
>it would be a kludge like the alpha/vax solution.
>
>But if you can throw in X86 instructions into the mix of normal Itanium
>instructions, that would suggest more than just a kludge.
>
>>
>>-Tom

It is incredible to see how so much nonsense can be written by you Bob, just
because you are too stubborn to admit that the opteron is a 64 bits chip. It
even has its own x86-64 bits instruction set for that.

The sucking itanium-madison 1.3Ghz chips are also 64 bits depite that they are
downwards compatible to execute IA-8 bits code. No one calls that a 8 bits chip!

Though it is not worth more than 8 pennies. It cannot execute correctly
scientific software at all. All the big benches run at it currently produce
wrong results after long runs. Of course most benches like specint/specfpu do
not verify that a result is obtained correctly. Yet it is not called a buggy cpu
it is not called a 8 bits cpu it is not called a 32 bits cpu, but it is a 64
bits cpu.

Perhaps let's try the approach most people use with childs:
  The opteron is a 64 bits chip. Period.

Best regards,
Vincent



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