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Subject: Re: 64 Bit Programs

Author: Robert Hyatt

Date: 06:37:38 07/03/03

Go up one level in this thread


On July 02, 2003 at 12:29:18, Vincent Diepeveen wrote:

>On July 01, 2003 at 16:02:40, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>
>>On July 01, 2003 at 13:20:32, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>>
>>>On July 01, 2003 at 11:57:58, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>
>>>>On June 30, 2003 at 21:03:30, Tom Kerrigan wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 23:50:11, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>On June 29, 2003 at 06:35:02, Tony Werten wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 14:23:50, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 12:12:15, Jay Urbanski wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>On June 28, 2003 at 10:33:45, Robert Hyatt wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>Those are not true 64 bit processors.  Supposedly 32 bit stuff runs just
>>>>>>>>>>fine on them, but they have 64 bit extensions.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>How is Opteron not a true 64-bit processor?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>Because it executes 32 bit instructions _also_.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>P4 and AMD also execute 16-bit instructions, so they are 16 bit processors ?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Not pure 16 bit no.  Not pure 32 either.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Check out "Cray" for a better example of a pure architecture.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>All math is 64 bits.  All address arithmetic is 32 bits.  Different
>>>>>>instructions, functional units, and registers for each.  No kludges about
>>>>>>gating 32 bits with 32 high-end zeroes and that kind of stuff.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>But in the case of opteron, at least at first look, it appears to be a 32
>>>>>>bit machine with 64 bit instructions layered on top.
>>>>>
>>>>>Are you kidding me?
>>>>>
>>>>>The "bitiness" is the width of a chip's datapath, right?
>>>>
>>>>Yes.  But there is more.  A chip made to do 64 bit operations as its _normal_
>>>>mode of functioning is a 64 bit chip.  A chip that does 32 bit operations
>>>>normally, with 64 bit add-ons, is not really a _full_ 64 bit chip.
>>>>
>>>>That was, and is, my point.
>>>
>>>How do you figure that the Opteron/PA-RISC/UltraSPARC/MIPS/POWER do not do
>>>64-bit operations as their "normal" mode of functioning? They have 64 bit
>>>registers and the values in those registers are communicated over 64 bit busses
>>>to 64 bit buffers and 64 bit latches and 64 bit ALUs. How can you possibly get
>>>more 64 bit than that? Just because all of this hardware _can_ be utilized to
>>>also execute 32 bit instructions (the same way a chip does a "2 bit instruction"
>>>when you calculate the sum of 1 + 1) doesn't mean it's not a 64 bit chip.
>>
>>No, but it _very likely_ means that the design has some trade-offs to make the
>>32 bit stuff work.  IE it is simply easier to do everything in 64 bit mode
>>rather than having to special-case some 32 bit stuff using the same registers,
>>as then there are all the normal sign-bit problems, to name just one issue.
>>
>>Note that I didn't say that the opteron was trash.  Far from it.  I simply said
>>that I doubt it is a pure 64-bit processor, since it was first designed to be
>>compatible with the X86 (poor) architecture, and then had 64 bit supported
>>added on top.
>>
>>The X86 architecture itself is bad enough.
>>
>>
>>>
>>>Conceptually, all of these ISAs can be viewed as "add-ons" or "extensions" if
>>>you're going to make a PowerPoint block diagram, but that has no bearing on the
>>>design of the processor. All of these chips can decode 32 or 64 bit instructions
>>>(with mostly the same logic, in fact) equally fast. Saying "add on" makes it
>>>sound like the 64 bit instructions must first be translated to 32 bit
>>>instructions or something.
>>
>>Not what I implied.  Having to execute instructions designed for 32 bits
>>requires some concessions that a pure 64 bit machine doesn't have to deal
>>with.  Again, the Cray is the perfect example, in that even though it does
>>both 32 and 64 bit stuff, 32 bit for addresses only, and 64 bits for math
>>only, everything is _clean_ and there are no worries about doing any 32 bit
>>stuff on the 64 bit functional units, etc.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>
>>>>>The Athlon and Pentium quite obviously have a 32 bit datapath so they are 32-bit
>>>>>chips. The Opteron has a 64 bit datapath so it's a 64-bit chip.
>>>>>
>>>>>I don't know what you mean by "64 bit instructions layered on top."
>>>>>
>>>>>-Tom
>>>>
>>>>It runs X86 natively.  That is a 32 bit instruction set.
>>>
>>>So does IA64, although you apparently didn't realize this.
>>
>>No I didn't, although I am not an IA64 person.  However, how does a VLIW
>>architecture execute mov al,x type instructions?  If the hardware can do
>>that it would be interesting.  If software has to do some translation then
>>it would be a kludge like the alpha/vax solution.
>>
>>But if you can throw in X86 instructions into the mix of normal Itanium
>>instructions, that would suggest more than just a kludge.
>>
>>>
>>>-Tom
>
>It is incredible to see how so much nonsense can be written by you Bob, just
>because you are too stubborn to admit that the opteron is a 64 bits chip. It
>even has its own x86-64 bits instruction set for that.
>
>The sucking itanium-madison 1.3Ghz chips are also 64 bits depite that they are
>downwards compatible to execute IA-8 bits code. No one calls that a 8 bits chip!
>
>Though it is not worth more than 8 pennies. It cannot execute correctly
>scientific software at all. All the big benches run at it currently produce
>wrong results after long runs. Of course most benches like specint/specfpu do
>not verify that a result is obtained correctly. Yet it is not called a buggy cpu
>it is not called a 8 bits cpu it is not called a 32 bits cpu, but it is a 64
>bits cpu.
>
>Perhaps let's try the approach most people use with childs:
>  The opteron is a 64 bits chip. Period.

It's a 64 bit chip with some kludges that allow it to execute X86 32 bit
stuff.

That's what I said to start with after I clarified my comment.


>
>Best regards,
>Vincent



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