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Subject: Re: Questions on the Alpha-Beta algorithm and other things.

Author: Dan Newman

Date: 00:13:19 02/18/00

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On February 17, 2000 at 15:30:10, Jeff Anderson wrote:

>Hi, right now I am trying to learn about the Alpha-Beta algorithm, I have a few
>questions that maybe someone can help me with:
>
>
>With sophisticated move ordering, like that found in Crafty, how much time is
>saved (like in actual numbers or %'s) over having no alpha-beta alogirithm at
>all?
>
>With random move ordering how much time is saved over having no alpha-beta
>algorithm at all?
>

This will vary with depth searched: the deeper you search the greater the
savings alpha-beta gives.  Let's imagine we search to ten plies deep and
that the mini-max branching factor is 36 (about like chess).  With mini-max
we will visit 36^10 == 3.7x10^15 nodes.  The last time I tried alpha-beta
without any attempt at move ordering I got an average branching factor of
about 11 or so (IIRC).  So 11^10 == 2.6 x10^10 nodes would be visited in
this case.  Thus alpha-beta, even with "random" move ordering, can give an
enormous speedup--in this case 142,000 times.

Now, if you put in good move ordering you can get the branching factor down
to about 6, and if you also do the null-move heuristic, down to about 3.
So you might then visit 3^10 == 59,000 nodes to get 10 plies deep, which
is about 60 billon times as fast as pure mini-max...

-Dan.

>
>Are there any top programs which do not use the alpha-beta algorithm in their
>search?
>
>If one has a program that creates a tree with no evaluations and no effort to
>find the best move, simply creating a brute force tree, how much faster will
>this be than when it creating a tree with evaluations attached (assume no
>pruning or anything to the tree)?
>
>
>
>Thanks in advance,
>Jeff



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