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Subject: Re: What is Thought? Book Announcement

Author: Bob Durrett

Date: 10:58:49 02/02/04

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On February 02, 2004 at 13:46:35, Eric Baum wrote:

>New Book:
>
>What is Thought?
>Eric B. Baum
>
>MIT Press  478p
>
>*What is Thought?* proposes a model that explains how mind is equivalent
>to execution of an computer program, addressing aspects such as
>understanding, meaning, creativity, language, reasoning, learning, and
>consciousness, that is consistent with extensive data
>from a variety of fields, and that makes empirical predictions.
>Meaning is the computational exploitation of the compact
>underlying structure of the world, and mind is execution of an evolved
>program that is all about meaning. Occam's Razor, as formalized
>in the recent computer science literature, is explained and
>extrapolated to argue that meaning results from evolving a compact
>enough program behaving effectively in the world; such a program
>can only be compact by virtue of code reuse, factoring into
>interacting modules that capture real concepts and are reused
>metaphorically. For a variety of reasons, including arguments based
>on complexity theory, developmental biology, evolutionary programming,
>ethology, and simple inspection, this compact Occam program
>is most naturally seen to be in the DNA, rather than the brain.
>Learning and reasoning are then fast and almost automatic
>because they are constrained by the DNA programming
>to deal only with meaningful quantities. Evolution itself is argued
>to exploit meaning in related ways and thus to speed itself up in ways
>analogous to how it speeds our learning and reasoning.
>
>An important part of this exposition is to describe how understanding
>is equivalent to exploiting underlying structure of problems.
>The games of CHESS and GO, for example, have huge state spaces --
>there are many possible arrangements of the pieces -- yet are defined
>by relatively compact sets of rules, giving them structure. To gain
>insight into such questions, *What is Thought?* discusses the approaches
>of computer science programs (such as Deep Blue and more recent chess
>programs based on search and evaluate), artificial intelligence programs
>(such as PARADISE for chess and the expert system approach to Go),
>as well as the thought processes of humans and the computations of
>evolved programs on a variety of problems. New techniques for
>evolutionary computing are described and shown to result in surprising,
>human like performance on problems such as Rubik's cube and
>some planning problems that foil AI approaches yet have
>human-exploitable structure.
>
>The origin and nature of language is discussed within the context
>of this picture. Why it took so long for evolution to produce language
>is discussed. Words are seen as labels for meaningful
>computational modules. Using the abilility to pass along programs
>through speech, humans have made cumulative progress in constructing,
>as part of their minds, useful computational modules built on top of
>the ones supplied by evolution. The difference between human and chimp
>intelligence is largely in this additional programming, and thus can
>be regarded as due to better nurturing.
>
>The many aspects of consciousness
>are also naturally and consistently understood in this
>context. For example, although the brain is a distributed
>system and the mind is a complex program composed of many
>modules, the unitary self emerges naturally
>as a reification (manifestation) of the interest of the genes.
>Qualia (the sense of experience of sensations such as pain
>or redness) have exactly the appropriate nature and meaning that
>evolution coded in the DNA so that the compact program behaves
>effectively.
>
>No previous familiarity with computer science (or other fields)
>is assumed-- *What is Thought?* presents a pedagogical
>survey of the relevant background for its arguments.
>
>-----------------------------------------------
>Best price right now is at Barnesandnoble.com (BN.com) $32, with free shipping.
>
>To buy this book:
>Barnes and Noble.com:
>http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?userid=2WI405VPJU&isbn=0262025485&itm=17
>
>Amazon:
>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0262025485/qid=1074532277/sr=1-3/ref=sr_1_3/002-6265544-0286451?v=glance&s=books
>
>MIT Press:
>http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?sid=AF8A6531-E5E9-4710-A781-CA47C6B64621&ttype=2&tid=9978
>
>
>---------------------------------------
>>From the back cover:
>
>"This book is the deepest, and at the same time the most commonsensical,
>approach to the problem of mind and thought that I have read.  The approach
>is from the point of view of computer science, yet Baum has no illusions
>about the progress which has been made within that field. He presents the
>many technical advances which have been made -- the book will be enormously
>useful for this aspect alone -- but refuses to play down their glaring
>inadequacies. He also presents a road map for getting further and makes the
>case that many of the apparently 'deep' philosophical problems such as free
>will may simply evaporate when one gets closer to real understanding."
>--Philip W. Anderson, Joseph Henry Professor of Physics, Princeton
>University, 1977 Nobel Laureate in Physics
>
>"Eric Baum's book is a remarkable achievement. He presents a novel thesis
>-- that the mind is a program whose components are semantically meaningful
>modules -- and explores it with a rich array of evidence drawn from a
>variety of fields. Baum's argument depends on much of the intellectual core
>of computer science, and as a result the book can also serve as a short
>course in computer science for non-specialists. To top it off, *What is
>Thought?* is beautifully written and will be at least as clear and
>accessible to the intelligent lay public as *Scientific American*."
>--David Waltz, Director, Center for Computational Learning Systems,
>Columbia University
>
>"What's great about this book is the detailed way in which Baum shows the
>explanatory power of a few ideas, such as compression of information, the
>mind and DNA as computer programs, and various concepts in computer science
>and learning theory such as simplicity, recursion, and position evaluation.
>*What is Thought?* is a terrific book, and I hope it gets the wide
>readership it deserves."
>--Gilbert Harman, Department of Philosophy, Princeton University
>
>"There is no problem more important, or more daunting, than discovering the
>structure and processes behind human thought. *What is Thought?* is an
>important step towards finding the answer. A concise summary of the
>progress and pitfalls to date gives the reader the context necessary to
>appreciate Baum's important insights into the nature of cognition."
>--Nathan Myhrvold, Managing Director, Intellectual Ventures, and former
>Chief Technology Officer, Microsoft

Sounds like a dissertation!

Hope author knows what he is talking about, or at least has some good ideas.
Someone would have to be a truly dedicated reader to want to read something that
big.  There are many theoreticians out there.  Has the author ever created a
chess-playing program?

Bob D.



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