Author: Robert Hyatt
Date: 19:11:57 07/04/01
Go up one level in this thread
On July 04, 2001 at 10:54:44, Uri Blass wrote: >On July 04, 2001 at 09:35:13, John Wentworth wrote: > >>Did you know..... >> >>In 1947, Alan Turing specified the first chess program for chess. >> >>In 1948 the UNIVAC computer was advertised as the strongest computer in the >>world. So strong, that it could play chess and gin rummy so perfectly that >>no human opponent could beat it. >> >>In 1949 Claude Shannon described how to program a computer and a Ferranti >>digital machine was programmed to solve mates in two moves. >> >>By 1956 experiments on a MANIAC I computer (11,000 operations a second) at >>Los Alamos, using a 6x6 chessboard, was playing chess. This was the first >>documented account of a running chess program. >> >>In 1957 a chess program was written by Bernstein for an IBM 704. This was >>the first full-fledged game of chess by a computer. >> >>The first chess computer to play in a tournament was MacHack VI (PDP-6) >>written at MIT by Greenblatt. The computer entered the 1966 Massachussets >>Amateur championship, scoring 1 draw and 4 losses for a USCF rating of 1243. >> >>In 1966 a USSR chess program defeated a Stanford IBM 7090 program. >> >>In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510), at >>the Massachussets State Championship. >> >>In 1968 International Master David Levy made a $3,000 bet that no chess >>computer would beat him in 10 years. He won his bet. >> >>In 1970 the first all-computer championship was held in New York and won by >>CHESS 3.0, a program written by Atkin and Gorlen at Northwestern University. >>Six programs had entered. >> >>In 1971 the Institute of Control Science, Moscow, created KAISSA using a >>British computer to play chess. >> >>In 1974 World Correspondence Champion Hans Berliner wrote his PhD >>dissertation on "Chess Computers as Problem Solving." >> >>In 1974 KAISSA won the world computer chess championship held in Stockholm >>with a perfect 4-0 score. >> >>In 1975 Grandmaster David Bronstein used the endgame database in KAISSA to >>win an adjourned game in a tournament in Vilnius. >> >>In 1976 CHESS 4.5 won the Class B section of the Paul Masson tournament in >>Northern California. The performance rating was 1950. >> >>In 1976 a computer program was used to make the chess pairings at the chess >>olympiad in Haifa. >> >>In 1977 the first microcomputer chess playing machine, CHESS CHALLENGER, was >>created. The International Computer Chess Association (ICCA) was formed. >> >>In 1977 CHESS 4.5 won the Minnesota Open winning 5 games and losing one. It >>had a performance rating of 2271. Stenberg (1969) became the first Class A >>player to lose to a computer. >> >>In 1977 SNEAKY PETE was the first chess computer to play in a U.S. Open, >>held in Columbus, Ohio. >> >>In 1977 Michael Stean became the first grandmaster to lose to a computer; it >>was a blitz game. >> >>In 1978 SARGON won the first tournament for microcomputers, held in San >>Jose. David Levy collected his 10 year bet by defeating CHESS 4.7 in >>Toronto. One of the games was a draw. This was the first time a computer >>drew an international master. >> >>In 1980 CHAMPION SENSORY CHALLENGER won the first world microcomputer >>championship, held in London. >> >>In 1981 CRAY BLITZ won the Mississipi State Championship with a perfect 5-0 >>score and a performance rating of 2258. >> >>In 1982 BELLE was confiscated by the State Department as it was heading to >>the Soviet Union to participate in a computer chess tournament. The State >>Department claimed it was a violation of a technology transfer law to ship a >>high technology computer to a foreign country. BELLE later played in the >>U.S. Oen speed championship and took 2nd place. By 1982 computer chess >>companies were topping $100 million in sales. >> >>In 1983 Belle became the first computer to beat a master in tournament play >>and the first computer to gain a master rating (2263). >> >>In 1983 the first microcomputer beat a master in tournament play. >> >>In 1984 a microcomputer won a tournament for the first time against >>mainframes, held in Canada. >> >>In 1985 HITECH achieved a performace rating of 2530. >> >>In 1987 the U.S. Amateur Championship became the first national championship >>to be directed by a computer program. >> >>In 1988 DEEP THOUGHT and Grandmaster Tony Miles shared first place in the >>U.S. Open championship. DEEP THOUGHT had a 2745 performance rating. >> >>In 1988 HITECH won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship after defeating >>International Master Ed Formanek (2485). HITECH defeated Grandmaster Arnold >>Denker in a match. >> >>In 1988 Grandmaster Bent Larsen became the first GM to lose to a computer in >>a major tournament - the American Open. >> >>In 1989 DEEP THOUGHT won the world computer championship in Canada, with a >>rating of 2600. DEEP THOUGHT defeated Grandmaster Robert Byrne in a match >>game. DEEP THOUGHT can analyze 2 million positions a second. This year DEEP >>THOUGHT played a 2 game match (under tournament conditions) in New York >>against Garry Kasparov. Kasparov won the match 2-0. Afterwards he expressed >>surprise at the lack of strong oposition from the computer. >> >>In 1990 Former World Champion Anatoly Karpov lost to MEPHISTO in a >>simultaneous exhibition in Munich. MEPHISTO also beat grandmasters Robert >>Huebner and David Bronstein. MEPHISTO won the German blitz championship and >>earned an International Master norm by scoring 7-4 in the Dortmund Open. >> >>In 1994 WCHESS became the first computer to outperform grandmasters at the >>Harvard Cup in Boston. >> >>In 1994 Kasparov lost to FRITZ3 in Munich in a blitz tournament. The program >>also defeated Anand, Short, Gelfand, and Kramnik. Grandmaster Robert Huebner >>refused to play it and lost on forfeit, the first time a GM has forfeited to >>a computer. Although Kasparov lost to FRITZ3, he and FRITZ3 came equal first >>in the tournament. In a playoff to determine the winner, Kasparov beat >>FRITZ3, 3 games to 1. There where 17 grandmaster in the tournament. >> >>The highest rated computer in the world is DEEP BLUE, rated 2705. > >I did not know that Deep Blue has a rating. >I think that the number of it's opponents is not big enough to give it a rating. > >Uri That sounds like deep thought. It had to produce a rating in that range when it won the fredkin GM prize.
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