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Subject: Re: What Makes a Chess Engine Better Vs Humans?

Author: Enrique Irazoqui

Date: 07:18:46 09/06/98

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On September 05, 1998 at 18:10:01, Don Dailey wrote:

>I have always been interested in this question of intransitivity
>between humans and chess programs.   A lot of people claim, almost
>always based on some anecdotal evidence, that various programs
>are much better or weaker  against humans or other programs and
>that huge intrasitivities exist.   My own thinking is that this
>is minor, but I know I'll get a lot of disagreement here.
>
>I can't tell you how many times I have heard this type of
>conversation:  "I played a game with program
>X and got crushed, then I played a game with program Y and
>won easily.  But when I played the two programs together,
>program Y demolished program X."   From a measly 3 games
>can you come to the conclusion that program X is not very
>strong against other programs but is "crushing" against
>humans?
>
>But once you form a conclusion, then you start noticing the
>events that reinforce your conlusion and you minimize the
>events that do not.  Usually, the opinion propogates to other
>people if it gets stated enough times.
>
>Here are the ones I have heard but have serious doubts whether
>they are true, or at least crystal clear:
>
>  1. Novag machines a much better against people but no good
>     against other programs.
>
>  2. Genius is not very good against people but crushes other
>     computers.
>
>  3. Genius is particularly good aginst people, but just so-so
>     against other programs (yes, I've heard both cases stated
>     as facts.)
>
>  4. Deep Blue will crush any computer but is not much better
>     that micro programs against humans.
>
>  5. Any kind of forward prunning or selectivity will help a
>     lot against humans but is not so good against computers.
>
>  6. Same as 5 but reversed.
>
>
>- Don

Also heard (often): fast searchers will do better against programs, while
knowledgeable programs will do better against people.

I have seen no proof of any of this. I have seen no proof either of the
supposedly huge difference between comp-comp and man-comp performance.

Taking Aegon 91-97, not 40:2 but quite close to it, we have the following
statistics (taken from Rebel's home page):

               TOP 12 FOR THE MAIN-COMPUTER PROGRAMMES
                               1991-1997
  ----------------------------------------------------------------
   1. Rebel                  +21    = 8    - 7     25/36   = 69.4%
   2. Chess Genius           +15    = 9    - 6    19½/30   = 65.0%
   3. Chessica (Fritz)       + 9    = 5    - 4    11½/18   = 63.8%
   4. Hiarcs                 +16    = 6    - 8     19/30   = 63.3%
   5. The King (Chessmaster) +22    =14    -12     29/48   = 60.4%
   6. M-Chess Pro            +26    = 5    -17    28½/48   = 59.3%
   7. Chessmaster (The King) + 8    = 5    - 5    10½/18   = 58.3%
   8. Virtual Chess          + 9    = 3    - 6    10½/18   = 58.3%
   9. Fritz                  +14    =13    - 9    20½/36   = 56.9%
  10. Quest (Fritz)          +15    =11    -10    20½/36   = 56.9%
  11. Kallisto               +17    = 6    -13     20/36   = 55.5%
  12. Nimzo                  +12    = 6    -12     15/30   = 50.0%

Knowledgeable and fast searchers seem perfectly mixed in.

Taking only the slow man-machine games played since 1996 (Aegon 96/97 +
Mchess-Efimov + Rebel-Anand), we have the following:

                    Average Elo
1996/1998   Games   of Opponents   Performance   Elo
Nimzo        12        2402             71%      2570
Kallisto     12        2359             71%      2527
Rebel        20        2371             68%      2515
Mchess       18        2368             64%      2480
Zarkov       12        2320             67%      2456
King         12        2259             71%      2427
Morsch       30        2306             63%      2410
Virtual      12        2367             54%      2399
Hiarcs       12        2212             67%      2348
Wchess       12        2181             63%      2285
Genius       24        2203             58%      2267
CST          12        2175             54%      2207
Shredder     12        2170             46%      2138

(Morsch = Fritz+Quest+Chessica)

Few games to be conclusive, but again knowledge vs. speed doesn't seem to make
the difference. In fact, I am unable to see any pattern in there that can
support the opinions you mention above.

I guess in most cases people base their opinions on subjective impressions, like
having an easier time playing against a passive program than an hyperactive one,
which makes them say "Mchess is much stronger than Genius against people", etc,
while someone else can say just the opposite.

My 2 cents out of common sense (but who trusts common sense?): it might (?) make
sense to believe that an aggressive style (opening up the position, going for
tactics) will improve the performance of a program against people. But even if
this is true, it might make the program weaker overall. I mean, performance
against people is not the only measure of strength. And in the games above, the
most aggressive programs, like Mchess, the King and CST, are not the ones that
did best... So, in this regard it seems we know next to nothing.

Enrique



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